Supporting Influences in the Process of Special Education

How does the role of the Response to Intervention process (RTI), and the Positive Behavior Interventions and Support (PBIS) structure influence the pre-referral process for special education? In today’s time it is of common practice to use the RTI method for academic issues. Likewise, the PBIS framework is used for issues dealing with unfavorable characteristics in student behavior. Each method is widely known and looked on as a favorable approach. Both RTI and PBIS are very important in addressing students during the pre-referral process, and each plays a very significant role. In the following essay the aforementioned question of their role and influence will be explored and answered. In addressing the role of the Response to Intervention process (RTI), one must first become familiar with the premise of this process. RTI is a method that is used to address school aged children that are showing evidence of academic struggle. At the beginning of the pre-referral process, educa tors identify struggling pupils. Following this identification, these same teachers begin to explore several avenues of remediation through highly recommended research based approaches. An approach is selected, implemented, and the child’s progress is documented fully. If solid evidence of success is discovered, through the implementation of a given program, then the process is concluded because success has been met. However, if there is solid evidence that proves that the program is unsuccessful thenShow MoreRelatedFamily Participation And Child Needs Special Education1509 Words   |  7 Pagesinvolvement play a crucial role when the child needs special education. This essay will discuss the importance of family participation and impacts of family participation in special education. Firstly, the essay will briefly describe what challenges special need children face, secondly, the essay will discuss key terms in the literature about the importance of family participation in education program and importance of parents in inclusive education and their benefits. Finally, the assay will be concludedRead MoreAn Effective Support Strategies For Students Essay1305 Words   |  6 Pagesinstead of designing lessons for their idea of the â€Å"average† child.† (Graham, 2016). I also think that is important to collaborate with the student during this process also, if an Individual Learning Plan (ILP) is needed to support the student then I would include that student as well as the parent or guardians in the implementation process of the ILP. It is important during collaboration to make sure that we are not creating a â€Å"self-fulfilling prophecy† of the student at hand, it is important toRead MoreTechnology Has A Negative Influence On The Social Life Of Individuals1213 Words   |  5 Pagesthe needs of children with special needs, making learning more relatable and effective. Furthermore, technology also has an influence upon the social a nd emotional wellbeing of children. Learning has become more accessible and may facilitate learning within students that traditional pedagogy may not reach. Nonetheless, despite technology bestowing certain benefits that adhere to the effectiveness of learning, there are a few disadvantages that may have a negative influence upon students. This paperRead MoreEvaluation Of The Interview Protocol Consisted Of Closed And Open Ended Questions1738 Words   |  7 PagesThe interview protocol consisted of face-to-face interviews within an Applewood elementary school office and during a predetermined time provided by the participant. The interviews were private, as a one-on-one setting was employed. The interview process consisted of accumulation of ten closed and open-ended questions. Interview sessions were audio recorded on two digital recording devices, therefore allowing the researcher to revisit the participant’s responses for further analysis. During andRead MoreAn Applic ation Project I Found Myself Struggling At First1378 Words   |  6 Pagessituation, might not meet the criteria of the project. I started a new position this school year at The Collaborative School (a special-purpose private school), a division of the nonprofit Maine Special Education/Mental Health Collaborative (MSE/MHC). The school provides day treatment services for children in grades K-12 who have been referred through the IEP process conducted by the student’s home school district. This year I took the position teaching in the middle school program working primarilyRead MoreUniversal Design For Learning Programs1377 Words   |  6 PagesELL. The Center for Applied Special Technology (CAST) purports in their 2011 document â€Å"Universal Design for Learning Guidelines version 2.0†, that such learning environments should center on the â€Å"How† of learning examining strategic differentiated learning for the classroom; the â€Å"What† of learnin g with the wide range of assessment options available to teachers and students; and the â€Å"Why† of learning providing the purpose of learning and engagement in the learning process. UDL Examining a review ofRead MoreWhat Is A Teaching Hospital?753 Words   |  4 PagesThe facility in which I work and that my change project has a potential impact upon is a teaching hospital known for promoting, supporting, and encouraging clinical research and implementing latest evidence-based practice (EBP). Erlanger serves as the regions only academic teaching hospital and strives to employ healthcare professionals who are knowledgeable in the latest skills and medical techniques (Erlanger Health System, 2017). This serves as both a strength and an opportunity for the facilityRead MoreThe Language And Literacy Development Of The Children Using Aac1421 Words   |  6 Pagesliteracy development of the children using AAC. The goal of the study is to explore effective approaches for supporting communication (including oral language, literacy, and technology skills) among those who require AAC devices. They took part in an intensive, 4-week summer intervention program. The program wa s designed to explore effective approaches, content and contexts for supporting communication, including oral language, literacy, and technology skills for those who require AAC. Results indicatedRead MoreTexas Dyslexia Reform: Implementing a Policy in Its Infancy Essay1696 Words   |  7 Pagesto adopt a law requiring instruction for students with dyslexia in 1985, continues to set the standard when it comes to dyslexia education reform (T. Flanders, personal communication, August 30, 2011). Until recently, little consideration was made in the use of assistive technology (AT) for students with mild disabilities, specifically in the field of dyslexia education and intervention (Edyburn, 2006, p. 18). With the passing of Senate Bill 866, concerning the implementation of classroom technologyRead MoreAcross The Nation Employment Rates Are Holding Steady For1696 Words   |  7 Pagesreceive employment opportunities. There are numerous factors that attribute to the cause of this issue, which include individuals with disabilities can only attain lower wage jobs, discrimination in the workplace, and their lack of a standardized education across the nation. A public policy is necessary because most individuals with disabilities get their money from Social Security, which is how they can survive in the world. It pays for health care, Medicaid, housing, long term support and care, but

Analysis Of Scott Joplin s Maple Leaf Rag - 858 Words

Scott Joplin was a composer and pianist of ragtime who was born in the late 1860s near the border of Texas. He learned to play the piano as a young adult and started to travel with his amazing talent while he was young. He is known as the king of ragtime during his generation. He is famous for writing 44 ragtime pieces during his lifetime. He wrote one ballet and two operas as well, and one of his pieces called â€Å"Maple Leaf Rag†, eventually was one of the most well-known ragtime pieces of the time. Joplin moved to Missouri to teach piano. Julius Weiss tutored Scott Joplin when he was a young boy. Joplin began to be introduced to classical and folk music from her. He taught several people like Arthur Marshall and Brun Campell to compose ragtime music there. He eventually died later in his life in the city of New York in 1917 at the age of 49. In Scott Joplin’s ragtime pieced â€Å"Maple Leaf Rag†, it is compiled with several melodic motives that have small pieces of sounds repeated to play a rhythm. About every six seconds there is a â€Å"swung note† that is played in a long. Joplin likes to include a lot of syncopation into his piece as well during â€Å"Maple Leaf Rag†. Syncopation is the variety of beats that are unexpected in a musical piece. The sounds that are repeated happen in repetition. Joplin’s melody is repeated by a strand of notes, and his music is played at a fast pace rhythm because of this. He repeated the same rhythmic pattern again in his song during the

A Synopsis of the Movie Twilight New Moon Free Essays

Twilight: New Moon *Mise*-en-scene Title: Twilight: New Moon Year: 2009 Director: Chris Weitz Writers: Stephanie Meyer (novelist) and Melissa Rosenburg (screenplay) Actors/Actresses: Robert Pattinson-Edward Cullen, Kristen Stewart-Bella Swan, Taylor Lautner-Jacob Black, Ashley Greene-Alice Cullen Synopsis This movie is the sequel to Twilight, which was a major hit in 2008. In the first movie Bella Swan falls in love with a vampire. The vampire, Edward Cullen, is very protective of Bella and tries to keep her safe. We will write a custom essay sample on A Synopsis of the Movie Twilight: New Moon or any similar topic only for you Order Now In New Moon Edward feels that the only way to protect Bella is to break her heart so she won’t follow him. However after Edward leaves Bella comes face to face with danger and the only protection she has is her long-time friend Jacob who she realizes is a werewolf. By the end of the movie Bella is torn between her love for the werewolf and the vampire. Analysis My focus is on scene nine where Bella is confronted by the Cullen’s vampire rival, LaRon. LaRon’s intent is to kill Bella now that Edward has left her defenseless. The scene is set in the meadow where Edward first appeared to Bella in his true form. When the sunlight shined on Edward his skin glistened like diamonds. At that time the meadow was beautiful, the grass was green, the flowers were in vibrant full bloom, and the sunlight shined down so bright. Now that Edward has left the meadow is dead, the grass has turned brown, all the flowers are gone, and the lighting is low and gloomy. I like to think of this as a metaphor to Bella’s spirit how it was alive and vibrant with Edward’s presence and is now dull and a part of her has died. Also you see her in a dangerous position being face to face with LaRon without Edward being there to protect her like before. Then Jacob appears in the scene in his werewolf form to protect Bella. However at this moment she does not realize it is Jacob. Here we are seeing Jacob in his true form appear to Bella just as Edward did for the first time and in the same location. It almost seems as though Jacob has taken on Edward’s role in Bella’s world. There is one shot where the rest of the wolf pack proceeds on to kill LaRon and Jacob stops and turns his focus to Bella for one moment and then moves on. At this moment Bella is mere feet away from this massive wolf but she stands there and looks back at the creature. The up-close shot of the wolf’s eye as he is gazing at Bella shows her reflection and you can feel his harmless nature. This is where it all came together for me and I thought Bella had pieced together the clues but I wasn’t until two scenes later that she realized it had been Jacob that rescued her. In one still frame the full shot conveyed danger, protection, love, and loss. This was a very well-organized scene and I think it worked well in the movie and added drama and thrill for the audience. How to cite A Synopsis of the Movie Twilight: New Moon, Papers

Online Strategy Based Simulation Game-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Online Strategy based simulation game CleanStart. Answer: Online Strategy based simulation game CleanStart Management simulation games have developed a new learning edge. Management simulations games aim is to provide free learning resources to students and management educators. One of the computer science professor said that decision making skill and actionable knowledge developed when people gets a platform to apply their classroom learning in context of real world with irreversible consequences and time pressure. Among business schools MIT is playing significant role by delivering a platform to students to apply class room knowledge in to real world applications (Scherpereel, 2014). This has encouraged students to make startup decisions. The roles of playing simulation skills basically enhancing the individual skills in order develop business strategies. These simulations come under the concept of CleanStart. CleanStart is online web based live simulation games that allows participant to play it as a role of founder of new startup. This allows students to develop their imaginations in to successful company. The objective of this game is to enable players to know about challenges in order to build Startup Company by keeping keen focus on competitive environment including strategic, human resource, financial and other decisions (Philipsen, 2016). CleanStart simulation will guide students to think strategically during decision making. This encourages students to made startup decision in a dynamic way. This makes students capable to face the challenging environment in order to develop renewable energy. The use of simulation games has made me capable to learn important concept experimentally related to management and strategic concept. These simulations are quite impressive in order to make the strategic decisions. The use of these simulations has enable me to explore the consequences of various strategies in order to make efficient decision for the complex issues. This has enables me to learn about the complexity of difficult issues dynamically. The purpose and use of starting any particular startup can be illustrated more dynamically by the help of using this business simulation games. The use of such games helps a person to think strategically to complete business exercise. On the basis of best possible choices this business simulation game help person to keep his intend focus on stated goals. This enables person to keep intended focus on generated circumstances in order to accomplish startup business goals. By the help of simulation games person has able to keep the end goal in mind in order to determine the successful outcomes. This technique has been assumed as an imperative part in order to produce a legitimate framework of startup decision. This framework prescribes courses to made dependable settlement on the various suitable choices that make person capable to focus on specific goals. Theses business simulation games help to thinks strategically that basically enhances the business exercise. It has been realized that playing game are effective for the person because it allows persons to think strategically made effective startup decision. This enables us to focus on the cost strategies that are essential for the determination of procedures cost in order to have a huge sale outcomes. These simulations game pertain a person to the concept of practical knowledge in real world. This simulation provides a learning base environment which forces an individual to make decision accurately. This enables a person to take the strategic decision by analyzing the effect of changing some components of business. This enables person to make intend focus on many strategies to beat the game. This enables person to learn about factors to balance work. This game is addictive to play because it shows person about strategies used by competitors. This makes persons able to own his person al venture. The simulation aspect is enhancing which effect business in present or future on the basis of reward and consequences. This simulation allows person to figure out the profit impact. This provides the immersive experience for startup. Business concept has blended in to context of real venture scenarios by playing games. This participation in game has provided an experienced to run the venture in real context. Through the use of simulation game a drastic change can be made. It is an interactive game that provides an interaction between imagination and real venture startup. Hence the introduction of this idea is very impressive as its provides resources to made a startup decision. This elaborates the understanding of what major decisions might be focused during startup. The MIT basically has put some resources and time in to the simulation which allows person to think strategically instead of craping pieces and got impressed by it. The use of these simulations games makes persons capable to have access on risk taking behavior. It enables to determine the best workout by experimenting different choices and factors that have been played throughout the simulations. This enables persons a determination to run the business in a way a person wants. This simulation game made an individual to feel accomplished by growing their own company and achieving goals. This simulation games basically encourages learning concept that provides a passion to startup a real business without any outside source. In a nut shell it has concluded that in order to determine the business activities practically, the use of simulation game is playing a vital role. This provides a vision to implement the business in the context of real world. Playing these simulation games has truly delighted me to learn numerous things. By the use of simulation games I got the reasonable experience. This experience has made me comprehend in order to make a startup process successful. This is an ideal approach towards your imagination that ultimately becomes a part of real business world. References Scherpereel, (2014). It's Only a Game: Reliability Theory a Better Way to Explain Decision Making in Business Simulation Games.Developments in Business Simulation and Experiential Learning,41. Philipsen, M. (2016). Projecting Efficacy and Use of Business Simulation Games in the Production Domain Using Technology Acceptance Models. InAdvances in Ergonomics of Manufacturing: Managing the Enterprise of the Future(pp. 607-620). Springer International Publishing.

Online Strategy Based Simulation Game-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Online Strategy based simulation game CleanStart. Answer: Online Strategy based simulation game CleanStart Management simulation games have developed a new learning edge. Management simulations games aim is to provide free learning resources to students and management educators. One of the computer science professor said that decision making skill and actionable knowledge developed when people gets a platform to apply their classroom learning in context of real world with irreversible consequences and time pressure. Among business schools MIT is playing significant role by delivering a platform to students to apply class room knowledge in to real world applications (Scherpereel, 2014). This has encouraged students to make startup decisions. The roles of playing simulation skills basically enhancing the individual skills in order develop business strategies. These simulations come under the concept of CleanStart. CleanStart is online web based live simulation games that allows participant to play it as a role of founder of new startup. This allows students to develop their imaginations in to successful company. The objective of this game is to enable players to know about challenges in order to build Startup Company by keeping keen focus on competitive environment including strategic, human resource, financial and other decisions (Philipsen, 2016). CleanStart simulation will guide students to think strategically during decision making. This encourages students to made startup decision in a dynamic way. This makes students capable to face the challenging environment in order to develop renewable energy. The use of simulation games has made me capable to learn important concept experimentally related to management and strategic concept. These simulations are quite impressive in order to make the strategic decisions. The use of these simulations has enable me to explore the consequences of various strategies in order to make efficient decision for the complex issues. This has enables me to learn about the complexity of difficult issues dynamically. The purpose and use of starting any particular startup can be illustrated more dynamically by the help of using this business simulation games. The use of such games helps a person to think strategically to complete business exercise. On the basis of best possible choices this business simulation game help person to keep his intend focus on stated goals. This enables person to keep intended focus on generated circumstances in order to accomplish startup business goals. By the help of simulation games person has able to keep the end goal in mind in order to determine the successful outcomes. This technique has been assumed as an imperative part in order to produce a legitimate framework of startup decision. This framework prescribes courses to made dependable settlement on the various suitable choices that make person capable to focus on specific goals. Theses business simulation games help to thinks strategically that basically enhances the business exercise. It has been realized that playing game are effective for the person because it allows persons to think strategically made effective startup decision. This enables us to focus on the cost strategies that are essential for the determination of procedures cost in order to have a huge sale outcomes. These simulations game pertain a person to the concept of practical knowledge in real world. This simulation provides a learning base environment which forces an individual to make decision accurately. This enables a person to take the strategic decision by analyzing the effect of changing some components of business. This enables person to make intend focus on many strategies to beat the game. This enables person to learn about factors to balance work. This game is addictive to play because it shows person about strategies used by competitors. This makes persons able to own his person al venture. The simulation aspect is enhancing which effect business in present or future on the basis of reward and consequences. This simulation allows person to figure out the profit impact. This provides the immersive experience for startup. Business concept has blended in to context of real venture scenarios by playing games. This participation in game has provided an experienced to run the venture in real context. Through the use of simulation game a drastic change can be made. It is an interactive game that provides an interaction between imagination and real venture startup. Hence the introduction of this idea is very impressive as its provides resources to made a startup decision. This elaborates the understanding of what major decisions might be focused during startup. The MIT basically has put some resources and time in to the simulation which allows person to think strategically instead of craping pieces and got impressed by it. The use of these simulations games makes persons capable to have access on risk taking behavior. It enables to determine the best workout by experimenting different choices and factors that have been played throughout the simulations. This enables persons a determination to run the business in a way a person wants. This simulation game made an individual to feel accomplished by growing their own company and achieving goals. This simulation games basically encourages learning concept that provides a passion to startup a real business without any outside source. In a nut shell it has concluded that in order to determine the business activities practically, the use of simulation game is playing a vital role. This provides a vision to implement the business in the context of real world. Playing these simulation games has truly delighted me to learn numerous things. By the use of simulation games I got the reasonable experience. This experience has made me comprehend in order to make a startup process successful. This is an ideal approach towards your imagination that ultimately becomes a part of real business world. References Scherpereel, (2014). It's Only a Game: Reliability Theory a Better Way to Explain Decision Making in Business Simulation Games.Developments in Business Simulation and Experiential Learning,41. Philipsen, M. (2016). Projecting Efficacy and Use of Business Simulation Games in the Production Domain Using Technology Acceptance Models. InAdvances in Ergonomics of Manufacturing: Managing the Enterprise of the Future(pp. 607-620). Springer International Publishing.

Psychosocial Assessment

Brandon, a fifteen-year old male addressed a hotline trying to solve his family problem, uncertain and even conflict relationship with his father. This can be a sign that his individual functioning is not distorted by some abnormal factors. The boy reveals his understanding that family is one of the essential values and wants to have a good family.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Psychosocial specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He tries to verbalize possible reasons for his stress: difficult relationship with mother, parents’ divorce, negative influence of the father’s girlfriend. Brandon provides some possible reasons for his stress so his perception is logic. His responses are clear and informative, so he is unlikely to feel strong negative emotions during the interview. He is reasonable and quite positive: he understands the importance of positive family relations, further education, and has so me future plans. Nothing indicates at his possible addictions, however, it is still unclear whether he takes some medicine, drugs. It is also necessary to point that there is no information about his health state which can be very important while defining the reasons for his stress and suggesting possible ways to diminish the stress and solve the problem. Apart from his normal individual functioning it is possible to point out that his relational functioning can be also characterized as a norm. Brandon wants to have good relationship with his father. Brandon cares about his sister and does not want her to get hurt. He has friends. He also mentions his uncle and grandmother who can help him, so he has a good relationship with these people as well. Brandon also points out that he attends his school counselor weekly and discusses some problems there. However, on the other hand, he has conflicts with his father and does not show cooperation with him. Brandon cannot also build a good rel ationship with his father’s girlfriend. Of course, he is not necessarily responsible for those conflicts. Nevertheless, the existence of these interpersonal conflicts with his father and his father girlfriend reveal a certain relational malfunctioning. On the basis of the existing information it is quite hard to make adequate conclusions.Advertising Looking for assessment on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, it is possible to conclude that the reason for Brandon’s stress is his biased attitude towards his father and his father’s girlfriend, not only in his being abused by his father. To assist Brandon, it can be helpful to obtain more information about him and the situation in their family. Of course, it is necessary to have more data about Brandon’s health state and possible problems (drugs, alcohol, sexual problems). Of course, one of the most suitable solutions of the problem c an be found in the very good and sincere talk between Brandon and his father. Brandon should prepare his arguments. He should reveal all his concerns and also explain his behavior (poor academic performance, etc.). By all means, this should be the first and very thoughtful step which should be made by Brandon himself. The client can be quite right avoiding addressing to some authorities since this may produce some macro risks: it can only increase the conflict and lead to far more serious problems, one of which is a complete family breakup. Another helpful advice which can be given to Brandon is to reveal some details of his family situation to his school counselor who can invite his father for several conversations. So, Brandon and his father can get some professional help without addressing authorities or revealing overt initiative from Brandon’s part. This assessment on Psychosocial was written and submitted by user Sara L. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

U-Boats essays

U-Boats essays After losing the Battle of Britain in 1940, Germany tried to defeat Britain by sinking its merchant shipping and starving the people. This was mainly the task of the Navy's U-boats (Submarines) and their commander, Admiral Dnitz. In 1936 Germany had signed an agreement that Merchant Navy personnel must be safeguarded before their ships were sunk, but Hitler and Dnitz didnt stop their attacks. As the passage of the Channel was closed to the U-boats, they had to reach their hunting -grounds in the North Atlantic by making the long and dangerous northward voyage around the Orkneys, and this limited their operational period considerably. But if they could be based on the captured French Atlantic ports they would be spared a voyage of over 1,000 miles and remain in action for an extra week. So in the summer of 1940, Dnitz left Germany and moved to the west coast of France. He brought with him a large team of specialists of all kinds. Radio direction-finding experts pinpointed the briefest signal sent out by Allied convoys and decoding experts deciphered signals from mid-ocean, as well as instructions from the British Admiralty. With this kind of information, Dnitz could use powerful radio transmitters to pass information to the U-boats on patrol and direct them to their targets, deploying them not as isolated warships but as hunting packs. The group attack was the Germans' great innovation in submarine tactics: they called it 'pack tactics'. To the British the U-boat concentrations were 'wolf packs'. Another innovation was that instead of attacking by day from a submerged position, the U-boats now began to attack at night and on the surface. In the darkness, the low silhouette of a U-boat was hard to spot. This new idea took the British by surprise and they reacted slowly. On any one day about 1500 British merchant ships were at sea and vulnerable to submarines. The main British defense against them was...

Stereotypes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Stereotypes - Essay Example The common stereotype for such students is that they are children who are either orphaned, adopted or have no biological parents for some reason, or generally that they come from abusive and broken homes. Family problems are therefore the first stereotype to be formed for such isolated students. Research shows that this type of stereotyping may be actually founded on facts. It shows that more than fifty percent of the students, especially teenagers, who exhibited the aforementioned signs, came from families with a history of abuse and divorce. Majority of these teenagers were comprised of families whose fathers had walked out on them (Dennis and Erdos, 2000). The effect of this therefore is that the student becomes distant, anti-social and depressed. This leads to poor performance in school and anti-social behavioral patterns (Teenage outcasts, 2011). The preceding argument is not entirely true as it is based on existing misconceptions about teenage outcasts. This is because not all teenage students who tend to exhibit behavioral isolation came from problematic families. In fact, in some instances such students came from good and well of families, and the isolation may have been caused by psychological factors such as shyness (Mosser, 2011). All that such students may be in need of is just some company so as to make them feel wanted and as part and parcel of the society. Stereotyping them thus only leads to long term negative impacts that would always place them at a disadvantage, one that they may wholly never recover from (U.S News Science, 2010). The second common stereotype revolves around the gay community. Majority of the people perceive gay people as having a tendency of exhibiting feminine traits. Any person who walks, talks, or engages in activities that are considered a preserve of the female gender are out rightly labeled as gay. It is not uncommon to hear of most people referring male fashion designers, stylists, or male hair dressers as gay. The st ereotype here is that all persons of the male gender who engage in professions that are considered feminine are gay. The stereotype here is even extended to ordinary male persons who exhibit feminine tendencies, or tend to lean more on female behavioral characteristics. This stereotype has been largely perpetuated by the media, which portrays all gay men as being extremely effeminate. So, are these stereotypes about gay men being effeminate true? Research suggests that gay men actually do prefer some professions like interior designing, fashion and hair coloring (Stossel and Binkley, 2006). In fact, professions like dancing and fashion require the creative touches of the gay people, and it is no wonder that such professions are flooded with gay men. Michael Bailey, a psychology professor, argues that these stereotypes of the gay men are actually true. He argues that gay men exhibited feminine tendencies during childhood and had a preference for feminine sex roles (Bailey, 2003). How ever, it is such stereotyping of the gay people that has led to homophobic attacks and discrimination among the gay community. This form of stereotyping has long-term negative impacts on the perception of the gay community in the society (Pre-existing notions, 2011). This form of stereotyping is not entirely true. This is because it is merely a generalization that lacks in elaborate research as to the accuracy of this hypothesis. The members of the gay commun

What are the benefits and weakness of using focus groups Essay

What are the benefits and weakness of using focus groups - Essay Example Assuming these to be correct, structured group discussion is a relevant procedure to obtain people’s opinions, feelings and perceptions, although the interactions between group members have to be borne in mind. (Blankenship, Breen, G.E. and Dutka, A., 1999, 61) The information obtained can be about what each person feels and thinks, but it can also be influenced by a phenomenon such as ‘groupthink’, through which people conform to what others believe. In judging the popularity and the effectiveness of focus groups, it is important to assess the advantages of the method as well as its limitations. In adult education, focus groups perhaps offer a more concrete opportunity for participants and researchers to learn from the process (Field, 2000, 330), being a powerful way of engaging with professionals, policy makers and end-users. The benefits of using such an iterative process in which ‘people’s views and understandings are shared, debated, challenged and changed’ (Field 2000, 325) are more important than the potential disadvantages. Morgan (1999, 142) notes that the majority of the published articles about focus groups refers to the use of this method along with other methods, such as individual in-depth interviews or with surveys. In the research process, focus groups can be used at different points: at the preliminary or exploratory stage of a study; a preparation for decisions about the precise objectives and design of the study; for the collection of the main data; in the closing period of a study to interpret findings, or to generate further perspecti ves for research. Use of focus groups can be seen in applied research as a strategy for collecting data, especially when doing qualitative research to tap peoples subjective experiences (Sullivan, 2001, 23) Focus groups do not invade peoples privacy in order to come to

Product Costing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Product Costing - Essay Example This implies that, the cost of a finished unit in inventory will include direct materials and labor, and both fixed and variable manufacturing overheads. It is notable that, absorption costing is the most preferred method for external reporting as per the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). Absorption costing is fundamental in tracing the variable costs of production and the fixed costs attributed to the production of the product (Riahi, 2001). It is imperative to note that, absorption costing is dissimilar from the other costing methods since it takes into account fixed manufacturing overhead (the counting expenses ) such as factory rent, utilities and amortization (Riahi, 2001). Absorption costing forms three different types of costing, which include job order costing, process and ABC costing. Job order costing Considering the job order costing, the costs are assigned to the product in Batches or lots (Avis & Killick, 2009). Job order method is used in companies that o ffer bespoke or distinctive products or services. It is common in service industries that, serve customers with inimitable needs. Such services may include tracing of the number of hours spent on each individual client’s account (Avis & Killick, 2009). Fundamentally, the manufacturing cost categories include direct materials, direct labor and manufacturing overhead. All these jobs are counted as inventory until the good or product is sold. It is essential to note that, the job order cost system requires the manufacturing costs recorded in a document called the job cost sheet. This sheet provides a detailed record of the cost incurred to complete a specific job. Consider the following illustrations that, indicates how three kinds of manufacturing costs are allotted in a job order cost system. Direct materials job cost sheet Direct Labor manufacturing overhead Fixed overhead rate It is noticeable that, direct materials and direct labor costs are allotted to jobs differently tha n manufacturing overhead costs. For instance, the direct costs, requires keeping of track of the costs of specific jobs with a set of records referred to as the source documents. Essentially a source document is a hard copy document similar to the receipt issued after payment (Horngren, Datar & Rajan, 2012). However most companies use paperless system where information is stored in electronic databases. On the other hand, manufacturing overhead comprises of the costs that cannot be directly traced to particular jobs. It is imperative to note that, on assigning these jobs, accountants should use a predetermined overhead rate based on some secondary allotment measure and cost driver. The material requisition form refers to the form that lists the quantity and cost of the direct materials used in a particular job. This is normally done before materials are used on a job. The fundamental purpose of this form is control the physical outflow of materials from inventory and into production . Similarly, a direct labor time tickets refers to a source document that shows how much time a laborer spends on a range of jobs per week. On the other hand, job cost sheet is a document that gives a summary of all the costs incurred on a specific job. Process costing Process costing refers to a costing method where all costs are

Dramatic Techniques in Hamlet

Dramatic Techniques in Hamlet A text is exposed as remarkable and memorable as a result of the innovative ideas and the dramatic execution that carry them from writer to audience. Shakespeares theatrical play, Hamlet, exemplifies this fundamental interaction as it underscores the innate human state of indecisiveness, driven by a confrontation between the desires of an individual and the actions of others. Bear[ing] our hearts in grief a state of madness is seen to manifest, and Hamlet ultimately unfurls as a work underpinned by a preoccupation with death, in a great tragedy that will eventually cry on havoc. Shakespeare explores the universal notion of indecisiveness, as his protagonist grapples with actions that contravene historical and contemporary notions of morality. Such indecision in action is explored extensively through Hamlets procrastination concerning vengeance for a dear father murderd. Struggling with the divisiveness of slaughtering Claudius, Hamlets brooding soliloquies best reveal his indecision and apathetic intellectualism. The rhetorical musing To be or not to bewhether tis nobler in the mind to suffer or to take arms against a sea of troubles exhibits, in its mere length, Hamlets universal struggle with morality and hesitancy. Positioned to slaughter Claudius in Act 3 Scene 3, Hamlet rationalises his inaction and indecision, To take him in the purging of his soul, when he is fit and seasoned for his passage? No. Hamlet, tormented by his indecisiveness, is thrust into a reality of otherworldly composites as he identifies with Queen Hecuba and acts out his murderous in tentions through the theatrical slaying of the player king. Stating I, impregnant of my causeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦can say nothing, Shakespeare metaphorically alludes to his inability to exercise courage and determination. Emasculated as he stands barred from his rightful position as King, Hamlets ingrained allegiance to his mother appears to be the root of his indecisiveness. Instructed to Taint not thy mind, nor let thy soul contrive against thy mother, it is only following Gertrudes death that Hamlet can proclaim The kings to blame venom to thy work! and poison Claudius, as highlighted in O.B. Hardisons analysis of Hamlet. Comparably confronted with the death of a father, Laertes overcomes his ambivalence regarding revenge or forbearance, resonating through his contracted and emphatic resolve to cut [Hamlets] throat ithchurch. As a foil to Hamlets indecisiveness Laertes vigour immediately juxtaposes Hamlets procrastination and leads to the rhetorical inquiry Am I a coward? which undoubt edly reveals Hamlets hamartia indecisiveness as a most human, and universal flaw. The universal relevance of Hamlet is evidently best seen in the universality of its protagonist, and the humanity of his flaws, including his consumption by grief. Emphasised with a sense of antithesis, the musing To be or not to be arouses a sense of Hamlets existential nature, as a Machiavellian Renaissance man, willing the freedom to leave his grief ridden mortal coil. Polarising the notions of freedom and damnation in the face of grief, Shakespeare manipulates Ophelia as a foil to Hamlet as she continues the path of suicide to its fruition. A dishonorable act devoid of justification, Ophelias shuffle off her mortal coil and grief is foreshadowed as universally present by naturalistic motifs, asserting I would give you/some violets, but they withered all when my father/died. The dramatic juxtaposition of Hamlet and Ophelia exposes Shakespeares perception that the veiled madness of grief is more pernicious and universally relevant than the antic disposition barbaric Denmark defines as true madness. This is linguistically highlighted through Hamlets poetic declarations Which passes show, the trappings and the suits of woe as paralleled by Ophelia They bore him bare-faced on the bierà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦and in his grave rained many a tear. Institution of gender segregation in grief emerges hereafter as only Ophelias crazed state in Act 4 Scene 5 is identified as true madness causing those around her to give her good watch, disparate to Hamlets alienating madness which is disregarded as unmanly grief. The aphoristic notion that wise men knowwhat monsters you make of them serves to highlight Hamlets ingrained distrust for women catalysed by his grief, and is reflexively recognised as he states It hath made me mad. The notion that grief is manifestly inimitable emerges as the consequences of Hamlets grief extend to both misogyny and the deaths of many courtiers, whereas Ophelias madness is brief and auto-retributive. This universal element appears as an integral cros s-contextual statement serving to highlight the deference that must be shown in the face of grief. Shakespeare further explores the manifestation of grief as a universal predecessor to preoccupation with death. The universal relevance of death itself is underscored as Hamlet reflects Alexander died, Alexander was buried, Alexander returneth to dust, paralleling the death of Yorrick and Alexander the Great through the timeless power of death. Raised in Act 1 Scene 2, Hamlet instigates his exploration of death, had the Everlastingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦not fixd/His canon gainst self-slaughter! Ruled unconscionable by the allusion to the Christian doctrine, as a display of weakness and melancholy, discussed in J. Nosworthys dissertation of Hamlet, preoccupation with death is relegated to the domain of vengeancefor a dear father murderd. It is this dramatic manipulation of Hamlets obsession with death which unifies the protagonist and humankind as a whole. Hamlets obsession is seen to manifest in the ghostly appearance of Old Hamlet, as Shakespeare employs fast-paced, interrogation-style dial ogue to engage the audience His beard was grizzled, no? and, Looked he frowningly? The ghosts apparition acts as a vessel to communicate the inherent concern for the afterlife and explores the potential associated with purgatory and supernatural trapping to the earth. A looming figure, the ghost is arguably a metaphor for Hamlets preoccupation with death despite his uncertainty regarding the validity of such a presence O all you host of heaven! O earth! What else / And shall I couple hell O fie! It is this ambiguity regarding death that perhaps allows for Hamlets impulsive rejection or acceptance of responsibility for the deaths of those around him. The dramatic lack of discourse surrounding Hamlets murder of Polonius and his unsettling indifference towards Rosencrantz and Guildenstern They are not near my conscience exposes the sociopathic manifestation of deathly obsession which allegorically claims Hamlets life. Realised in a Feudal context, this dangerously universal fixatio n is a theme that remains edifying for a contemporary audience and enlightens individuals to the peril of fixation. Though Shakespeares thematic explorations are manifest in a context bearing little resemblance to that of the 21st Century, it is through critical thematic and linguistic analysis that much is revealed about human nature today. Having devised such a dramatic triad of tragedy, Shakespeare presents the audience with notions regarding human nature and the universal notion that an individual will be subject to thine own treachery.

Athletes Leaving College Early :: essays research papers fc

`1   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The story of Korleone Young is a saddening one. Korleone was one of the top high school basketball players in the nation while he was in high school. At all the summer basketball camps, he played above his high school peers. During his senior season he dominated all his team’s competition. He had every major Division I basketball program wanting to give him a full scholarship. All of the national powerhouses like Duke, North Carolina, Michigan State, and many more all recruited Korleone heavily. He also had another bug in his ear. The recent trend of high school stars like Kevin Garnett and Kobe Bryant skipping college to go to the pros appealed to him. He figured since he was a star he could skip college too. This was a big mistake. While his counterparts, Garnett and Bryant were drafted in the first round, Korleone fell to the second round. Once he got into camp he proved he was not ready for the physical style of play. After a couple seasons spent on inj ured reserve he is now out of the league. It is becoming more and more a trend for high school and underclassmen basketball players to forgo their college eligibility to enter the NBA draft. Most professional sports have restrictions to limit mentally and physically immature players from throwing away their college education to be unsuccessful in the professional ranks. In the National Football League, NCAA football players are not allowed to declare for the pro draft unless they have been in the school’s program for at least three years. In professional baseball and hockey, although they do draft players straight from high school, they have a minor league system set up. These minor leagues allow players the time to develop and still play against an excellent level of competition. This helps their growth process so that when they get into the real big leagues, they are somewhat ready to play and be a factor. 2 This influx of young players is not only hurting the player, but it is hurting the league and college sports. The NBA is now becoming filled with talented but immature players. College sports is losing it’s top athletes, sometimes after one year of college play. The players are also not graduating. This hurts because when a basketball player does not make it in the NBA, he has no degree to fall back on.

Iq Test Paper Essay

Battery is the standardized IQ test of the military and most high school guidance counselors recommend this test to their â€Å"lost† students. Each enlistee/student that takes this test will know one of two things, potential career path or what work assignment they will be doing for the next 2-4 years. I myself scored well, any job in the military was available to me, and choose to be an Airborne Petroleum Supply Specialist. This test didn’t really help me as it does with most high school sophomores, juniors, seniors, and students in postsecondary schools(Baker, 2002) looking for some kind of guidance for their future . I took the test because I was looking to be a free young man and this test would allow me to do that. I do believe that the ASVAB test is very helpful in shaping today’s youth. Since the first time the ASVAB was administered in1968 to over one fourth of all high school seniors the test has been revised drastically (Baker, 2002). In 1995 the Department of Defense (DOD) asked the American Institutes of Research to find out if the ASVAB test was really working to give high school students career assistance or not. The test already told the DOD what work assignment was best suited for the potential enlistee. Basically the American Institutes of Research decided that it was better to group all of the different test items together, thus creating the Career Exploration Knowledge Scale. The previous standard scale, the Career Decision Scale (Baker, 2002), was found to be a one-dimensional measure of career indecisions. Tests are designed to discriminate among individuals, and therefore contain items of varying difficulty (Gibson & Harvey, 2003). The harder the questions, the fewer enlistee/students answer them correctly. The easier the questions, enlistee/student should answer them correctly more often. Some argue that the ASVAB test, among many others, is bias. Would you know to bake a cake or solve a mathematics â€Å"word problem†? Some women, in addition to men, have no clue how to bake or add. Tests revolve around what any given person has learned or seen before taking it. Anyone can say anything is bias. Overall, many studies have proven that the ASVAB Career Exploration Program both enhanced self knowledge associated with career discovery and reduced uncertainty for high school students. In Conclusion, to give guidance to a young adult who is still creating the networks and pathways of their mind, body and soul, then I say have at it.

Governments’ Responsibility to Global Temperatures Essays

Governments’ Responsibility to Global Temperatures Essays Governments’ Responsibility to Global Temperatures Essay Governments’ Responsibility to Global Temperatures Essay Name: Course: Tutor: Date: : Governments’ Responsibility to Global Temperatures The Kyoto Protocol and the Copenhagen Climate Council are some of the many establishments that many countries, both in the developed and the developing countries, have been signatories to the agreements. The main aim of these agreements by the world governments is to ensure that the world’s temperatures do not increase by more than two degrees Celsius by the year 2050 (Cirman, et al. 29). Despite the governments’ efforts to curb this situation, which has threatened life in the universe, the main debate lies on whether these agreements are as effective as anticipated. The bigger question is whether the governments are adhering to these agreements. With the increase in industrial activities as countries try to improve their economies, the recession, and other factors that influence the quantity of carbon emissions, governments are not fulfilling their ethical and business responsibilities when proposing to act collectively to limit the rise in the global temperatures to t wo degrees Celsius by the year 2050. Implications of Carbon Emission Reduction Company or Corporation Corporations or companies are the biggest carbon emitters in this carbon emission cycle. According to the Global Carbon Project, a 5.9% carbon emission rise was noted in the year 2010[1] was had the corporations as the majority contributors (â€Å"Global Warming† 2011). Most of these companies/corporations are owned by the governments. During the recession, period, it was estimated that the global emissions had decreased. The European emissions decreased by 3% in the year 2008 (Bowen Nicola 12). However, it is estimated that the Kyoto Protocol only played a forty percent role in this reduction. Thirty percent of the reduction was made possible by the recession while the remaining percentage was brought by the switch from coal to natural gases (Bowen and Nicola 13)[2]. China, India and the United States are the highest ranking in greenhouse gas emissions. The United States has the Clean Air Act, which dictates on the assurance of clean air. In order to ensure that there are policies put in place in order to reduce the emissions, the government allows trading of permits and licenses that give the limit of gasses to be emitted by a given entity (Treves 15). This mostly applies to corporations/companies. Entities exceeding their limit are allowed to purchase the allowances of the entities that have not exhausted their limit. This is a major step in adhering to the agreements made. However, governments are not taking any visible actions on the companies that exceed their limits without purchasing the extra allowance. This governments’ ignorance is evident with the increase of greenhouse gas emissions having the companies contribute to the greater percentage. Additionally, there has been an increase in economic activities using coal. In a country like China, the companies are still using coal under the government’s watch. Although the Chinese government proclaims that it had reduced in their use of coal in a report given in the year 2009, this reduction has not reached the required part. Organizations focusing on the global warming report that the Chinese government is not putting the required pressure to reduce the use of coal fuel on the companies in question. As earlier noted, a percentage of the emission decrease noted is due to the switch made from using coal to using natural gases. Unfortunately, most companies have switched to fossil-based natural fuel. Fossils emit carbon, which is the key component contributing to global warming. The targets for greenhouse gas emission have only been met by a few countries such as the United Kingdom, Germany and France, amongst a few others (Treves 20). Approximately forty countries have been able to reduce their reduction by five percent while the majority of the remaining countries increased their emissions by ten percent. Although there is a decrease noted due to the agreements set, the governments are not doing enough to ensure that the policies set are followed to the maximum. Employees The commonly known Mc-Cain Lieberman or the Climate Stewardship Act of 2005 was estimated to bring forth approximately 800,000 job opportunities in the United States by the year 2025. According to the study, 510,000 job opportunities would be established by the year 2015. The number would have risen to 602,000 by the year 2020 and a toll of 801,000 would be recognized by the year 2025 (Treves 35)[3]. This act was put in place in order act on the agreements set in the Kyoto Protocol. If the needed follow up was done, most job opportunities would be in the medical service industry, retail and wholesale and the construction industries as there would be an increase in energy efficiency. It was also identified that most of the employment opportunities would be in Wisconsin, South Dakota, Ohio, New York, Nevada, Minnesota and Michigan (Trves 36). Although this is seen as though it will only benefit the United States, employees in the other countries can also benefit if the government makes sure that the policies and laws to ensure the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions are put in place as agreed in the Kyoto Protocol amongst other agreements. By the year 2012, the promised jobs have not been very evident especially due to the recession that affected most economies. Additionally, the United States government has not been very effective in ensuring that the policies put in place in line with the act have been greatly followed. Consumers The consumers are the most affected on the business hierarchy in relation to the greenhouse gas emissions. Although the government is more focused on the corporations/companies, the consumers have their own role to play. If all the other factors were assumed or held constant, companies would not make products if the consumers failed to buy them. On the other hand, the consumers buy products due to existing needs. However, consumers have choices most of the time. For example, a consumer has choice of using electricity over using charcoal fuel (Cirman et al.33)[4]. If consumers chose to buy products that have been manufactured using no or less greenhouse gas emission over the others, then they would play a major role in encouraging the companies to emit less if no greenhouse gas. Additionally, governments can create consumer awareness over the choices they have. For example, the government can educate the consumer on which products emitting more greenhouse gas during their manufacturing. The consumers have a significant role to play in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions as the corporations are. The governments need to create more awareness to the consumers. Shareholders The shareholders of any company/corporation are as part of the business as the managers and the employees in that business. They should engage in the implementation and follow-up of the policies put in place to curb the greenhouse gas emissions. Although governments are more focused on a company’s stakeholders, the shareholders have their role to play. They can enquire for the company’s statistics on the emissions during a particular period when they attend the annual meetings. They can also inquire for bi-annual or quarterly reports on the effectiveness of the policies pit in place. The governments rarely ask for the shareholders’ help in the control of the company/corporations, emission regulation, but they should do so as the process will be more effective. Society The Society is the most affected by all the activities related to greenhouse gas emissions and regulation. The society inhales the gases and experiences all the consequences of environmental pollution. However, the society has its own role to play if the government could focus on them more that it is focusing on them. Individuals can take part in activities that will decrease the emissions. For example, a family can choose to use one car instead of using the two, three or four of them. A society can decide to use fuels that do not emit carbon or any other harmful gases. Non-governmental organizations are greatly involved in the societal awareness of ways they can discourage the corporations from emitting high levels of gases[5]. These organizations also educate the society on ways of reducing the carbon emission (Cirman et al. 50). However, the government has not put much focus on the society. Educating the society on the type of cars and the best fuel to use, making the society aware about the companies that are not concerned about the environment, are good ways of adhering to these agreements (Bowen Nicola 7). Ethical Implications The government has an environmental ethical responsible towards its citizens. A government’s concern is not assessed by its promises but rather the concern is assessed by the results of the government’s actions. The governments should see that the policies put in place are followed and the entities failing to follow these policies are reprimanded in one way or another. Allowing companies to reap large profits as the expense of the environment is not ethical at all. Although most of these activities boost most of the countries’ economies, they are harmful to the environment in the end. If governments were ethically responsible for the environment as they are supposed to be, the noted increased percentages in the greenhouse gas emissions even after the signing of the agreements should not be present. If countries like the United Kingdom, France and Germany, which have powerful economies have reached the targeted emission level, other governments have a responsibility of reaching their targets. They owe it to the society. Bowen, Alex Nicola Ranger. Mitigating Climate Change through Reductions in Greenhouse Gas Emissions: The Science and Economics of future Paths for Global Annual Emissions. Policy Brief, December 2009: 1-45. Cirman, Andreja, Polona Domadenik, Matjaz? Koman, and Tjas?a Redek. â€Å"The Kyoto Protocol in a Global Perspective.† Economic and Business Review. 11.1 (2009): 29-54. Print. â€Å"Global Warming and Climate Change† (2011). New York Times, Dec 21. Retrieved from http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/science/topics/globalwarming/index.html Treves, Tullio. Non-compliance Procedures and Mechanisms and the Effectiveness of International Environmental Agreements. The Hague, Netherlands: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2009. Print. [1] This is despite the recession experienced during this period as indicated by the Global Carbon Project in the New York Times article.

How to Balance Chemical Equations 3 Simple Steps

How to Balance Chemical Equations 3 Simple Steps SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips A chemical equation tells you what happens during a chemical reaction. A balanced chemical equation has the correct number of reactants and products to satisfy the Law of Conservation of Mass. In this article, we’ll talk about what a chemical equation is, how to balance chemical equations, and give you some examples to aid in your balancing chemical equations practice. What Is a Chemical Equation? Simply put, a chemical equation tells you what’s happening in a chemical reaction. Here’s what a chemical equation looks like: Fe + O2 → Fe2O3 On the left side of the equation are the reactants. These are the materials that you start with in a chemical reaction. On the right side of the equation are the products. The products are the substances that are made as a result of a chemical reaction. In order for a chemical reaction to be correct, it needs to satisfy something called the Law of Conservation of Mass, which states that mass can’t be created or destroyed during a chemical reaction. That means that each side of the chemical equation needs to have the same amount of mass, because the amount of mass can’t be changed. If your chemical equation has different masses on the left and right side of the equation, you’ll need to balance your chemical equation. How to Balance Chemical Equations Balancing chemical equations means that you write the chemical equation correctly so that there is the same amount of mass on each side of the arrow. In this section, we’re going to explain how to balance a chemical equation by using a real life example, the chemical equation that occurs when iron rusts: Fe + O2 → Fe2O3 #1: Identify the Products and Reactants The first step in balancing a chemical equation is to identify your reactants and your products. Remember, your reactants are on the left side of your equation. The products are on the right side. For this equation, our reactants are Fe andO2. Our products areFe2 andO3. #2: Write the Number of Atoms Next, you need to determine how many atoms of each element are present on each side of the equation. You can do this by looking at the subscripts or the coefficients. If there is no subscript or coefficient present, then you just have one atom of something. Fe + O2→ Fe2O3 On the reactant side, we have one atom of iron and two atoms of oxygen. On the product side, we have two atoms of iron and three atoms of oxygen. When you write out the number of products, you can see that the equation isn’t balanced, because there are different amounts of each atom on the reactant side and the product side. That means we need to add coefficients to make this equation balanced. #3: Add Coefficients Earlier, I mentioned that there are two ways to tell how many atoms of a particular element exist in a chemical equation: by looking at the subscripts and looking at the coefficients. When you balance a chemical equation, you change coefficients. You never change subscripts. A coefficient is a whole number multiplier. To balance a chemical equation, you add these whole number multipliers (coefficients) to make sure that there are the same number of atoms on each side of the arrow. Here’s something important to remember about coefficients: they apply to every part of a product. For instance, take the chemical equation for water: H2O. If you added a coefficient to make it 2H2O, then the coefficient multiples across all of the elements present. So, 2H2O means that you have four atoms of hydrogen and two atoms of oxygen. You don’t just multiply against the first element present. So, in our chemical equation (Fe + O2→ Fe2O3), any coefficient you add to the product has to be reflected with the reactants. Let’s look at how to balance this chemical equation. On the product side, we have two atoms of iron and three atoms of oxygen. Let’s tackle iron first. When first looking at this chemical equation you might think that something like this works: 2Fe + O2→ Fe2O3 While that balances out the iron atoms (leaving two on each side), oxygen is still unbalanced. That means we need to keep looking. Taking iron first, we know that we’ll be working with a multiple of two, since there are two atoms of iron present on the product side. Knowing that using two as a coefficient won’t work, let’s try the next multiple of two: four. 4Fe + O2→ 2Fe2O3 That creates balance for iron by having four atoms on each side of the equation. Oxygen isn’t quite balanced yet, but on the product side we have six atoms of oxygen. Six is a multiple of two, so we can work with that on the reactant side, where two atoms of oxygen are present. That means that we can write our balanced chemical equation this way: 4Fe + 3O2→ 3Fe2O3 3 Great Sources of Balancing Chemical Equations Practice There are many places you can do balancing chemical equations practice online. Here are a few places with practice problems you can use: Khan Academy: 7 practice problems ScienceGeek: 15 practice problems TemplateLab: 49 free balancing chemical equations worksheet downloads Balancing Chemical Equations: Key Takeaways Balancing chemical equations seems complicated, but it’s really not that hard! Your main goal when balancing chemical equations is to make sure that there are the same amount of reactants and products on each side of the chemical equation arrow. What’s Next? Writing a research paper for school but not sure what to write about? Our guide to research paper topics has over 100 topics in ten categories so you can be sure to find the perfect topic for you. Want to know the fastest and easiest ways to convert between Fahrenheit and Celsius? We've got you covered! Check out our guide to the best ways to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit (or vice versa). Are you studying clouds in your science class?Get help identifying the different types of clouds with our expert guide.

Fairy tales re-telling Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fairy tales re-telling - Coursework Example He knew for the stories of other travelers that the west had the best markets for doing trade, hence he decided to head west. On his way he found a big tree which had a rocking bed fixed under it, a board said: â€Å"sleep at your own risk†. James couldn’t figure out a reason why a bed would be provided for not sleeping. As he was travelling for quite a few hours he relaxed, tied his bag with his legs and slept. The moment he woke up, he knew something was wrong, he checked for his wallet which was present. The moment he realized what had happened, his heart skipped a beat. His bag was opened and no sign of any cap. He looked here and there and suddenly he realized the importance of that sign board. He saw families and families of monkeys in the trees wearing his specially hand crafted caps. His whole life suddenly flashed before his eyes as without the caps he was ruined, both financially and mentally. After a while he observed that his every movement and gesture is being copied by the monkeys. He suddenly had an idea and tried his luck with it. He clapped, the monkeys capped. He shook his h ead, the monkeys did too; he put a piece of cloth on his head, all monkeys followed suit by wearing their caps. He then threw the cloth on the ground with an instant jerk, seeing all that the monkeys did that too. Hence he got all the caps on the ground, collected them and went west-wards where he started his quest for a better and successful future. All these years â€Å"James and Co.† went out to be the world’s best cap making company smashing all sales record every years. The business ran in the family and so did the story about the great James and his encounter with the monkeys. The legacy was told to every new child in the family. Jacob was one similar child who was brought up on the legendary stories of his great grandfather. Before he took over the company as the new head he wanted to make the

Hydropower Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Hydropower - Essay Example This paper also deals with the uses of hydropower as the renewable energy resources in the environment. Hydropower is also known as waterpower. In simple words, it refers to the power of electricity produced from water currents. Hydropower energy thus involves hydroelectric dams as well as reservoirs, underground waterways and tidal plants among others. Hydropower is widely considered as more efficient, as compared to other energy sources, as it helps in decreasing the cost of electricity and increasing the reliability as well as flexibility of energy produced. Hydropower is however noted to be a costly method for the production of energy (7). It is worth mentioning in this context that energy is required for the progress of mankind and therefore, energy must be available in sufficient quantities along with affordable prices for the consumers, which the hydropower plants often fail to suffice. New and advanced technologies are also required for the availability of hydropower energy as well as for the safety of the environment. However, besides the fact that hydropower is regarded as a cost consuming energy production source, it is also perceived to impose strong negative affects to the environment, especially when concerning marine biological lifecycle (7). Nevertheless, one of the benefits of hydropower is its superior ability for fossil-fuel generation. Hydropower is also considered to protect from greenhouse gas emission at large quantities. It has often been argued that the developed hydropower will have the potential of making large contributions towards improvements in the living standard of developing countries, making energy available at cheaper rates. Compulsions of the recent era to suffice rising global demand, resulting in higher costs for fuel base energy sources have further led mankind to innovate new sources of energy, one of those being the water source, which has however been in use since traditional times (8). A few noteworthy

Communication Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Communication Theories - Essay Example Another criterion that can help me through my pronouncement is that creativity is my department. I have always been enormously creative and therefore I prefer studying a field that necessitates creative minds so that I may easily excel in it. Due to this reason, I get more dragged towards studying marketing as marketing is all about creativity, new ideas and innovations that help in promoting any particular thing. The advantages of marketing that I perceive over communication is that while studying communications I can only utilize my power of communicating whereas marketing will help me exploit both of my capabilities, i.e., communicating as well as creativity. Marketing involves communicating as well as convincing one’s words to others along with ingenious, inspiring and innovative activities, but, communication only involves skills to exchange a few words well with the mass. (â€Å"What is marketing?†) One disadvantage that I feel about marketing is that I might get employed by such a company that produces unhealthy stuff such as tobacco, cigarette etc. in such a case I will have to promote unhealthy and hazardous products and convince people to buy and use them. Marketing infatuates me more than communications but still, there are its drawbacks that compel me to ponder more and more over both the fields before the final

MKTG 315 Pre-test Essay Example for Free

MKTG 315 Pre-test Essay 1. President Obamas health care plan requires all U.S. citizens to purchase a minimum amount of health insurance or be fined 2. Suppose that from January 2011 to January 2012, the inflation rate was 6 percent 3. Fill out the table according the demographic information for each group 4. Which of the following approaches to innovation is Google Inc. using when it allows researchers to devote 20 percent of their time to pursuing their own ideas and projects? Can be D. 5. Examine the advertisement below to determine who the target market is for the product. Then, select as many descriptors that fit the qualities of that target market. 6. The local Pro Hardware store has recently run a number of ads featuring women doing household repairs and holds monthly workshops for women on basic home repair techniques. It has evidently not been lost on Pro Hardware that: B. Personal traits tend to vary in the U.S by region 7. Today, many infants are exposed from birth to technology such as Smartphones, laptops, netbooks, and tablets. In fact, Fisher-Price and LeapFrog do research into how infants and young toddlers interact with screens and touchscreens. 8. Research that attempts to expand the frontiers of knowledge but is not aimed at a specific, pragmatic problem is called: Basic research 9. Which of the following is an example of demographic information? C. Single, 18-25 year olds 10. When a coal mining company lobbies Congress for changes in environmental laws and regulations that result in the construction of more coal-burning power plants, the company has engaged in: Post Test 1. Match the product with the ethnic group it most likely targets. African American A new urban clothing line directed at young adults, Hispanic American Clean and fruity scented room freshener in a colorful container Asian American Brand new electronic device charger that also acts as a keyboard for the nearest charging device, Any ethnicity A package of flank steak, 2. Sharon is 60 years old and expects to continue working through her sixties. She lost a significant portion of her retirement savings during the recession. Sharon is a: Baby boomer 3.Randy is a sales rep at Speedy Printing. When Danyka expresses an interest in purchasing a new, high-speed copy machine for her office, Randy tells her that Speedy Printing requires all users of its copy machines to purchase all their paper and toner from the company as well. Fortunately, Danyka is well-versed in business legislation and informs Randy that his companys policy is in violation of the: Incorrect. Among other things, the Clayton Act prohibits tying contracts (which require the buyer of one product to also buy another item in the line). 4. Match the American value with the product that most addresses that value. Self-sufficiency A book on year round vegetable garden management., Upward mobility BMW offers an entry-level sedan for much less than its super-luxury models Work Ethic ., Debit card that rounds up to the nearest dollar and puts the rounded change into a savings account., Conformity . Walmart offers everyday low prices for everyone 5. Joseph has an idea for a startup that will offer a mobile device that will also function as a social media hub, music center, and digital wallet. His idea is to offer slick designs in brilliant colors that shoppers can either subscribe to monthly or pay as they go for data access. Select all of the target market factors Joseph needs to consider as he finalizes design and designs on promotion strategies. a. Ethnicity b. How social media use has changed the way people communicate c. Consumer Privacy d. Purchasing power e. Size of the population f. Age demographic g. State Laws h. Inflation Answer 1: Correct. Answer 2: Correct. Answer 3: Correct. Answer 4: Correct. Answer 5: Incorrect. Answer 6: Correct. Answer 7: Incorrect. Answer 8: Incorrect. 6. A local bank has developed a new line of credit with a lower interest rate and large lines of credit. Of the following, what considerations will the bank have to take into account before granting a line of credit to an applicant? a. Recession b. Consumer income c. Competition d. Inflation e. Ethnicity f. Purchasing Power Answer 1: Correct. Answer 2: Correct. Answer 3: Incorrect. Answer 4: Incorrect. Answer 5: Incorrect. Answer 6: Correct. 7. Why are Asian Americans sometimes called a marketers dream? 8. Component lifestyles: Incorrect. Component lifestyles encompass a much wider range of interests (and needs) than traditional lifestyles. Increased buying power has also contributed to the evolution of component lifestyles. d. have developed because consumers can choose from a growing number of goods and services. 9. From the following, choose all of the following are methods companies are using to stimulate innovation. a. Enlisting the web b. Increasing efficiency c. Talking to early adopters d. Using marketing research e. Building scenarios Answer 1: Correct. The ways to stimulate innovation are: build scenarios, enlist the web, talk to early adopters, use marketing research, create an innovative environment, and cater to entrepreneurs. Answer 2: Incorrect. The ways to stimulate innovation are: build scenarios, enlist the web, talk to early adopters, use marketing research, create an innovative environment, and cater to entrepreneurs. Answer 3: Correct. The ways to stimulate innovation are: build scenarios, enlist the web, talk to early adopters, use marketing research, create an innovative environment, and cater to entrepreneurs. Answer 4: Correct. The ways to stimulate innovation are: build scenarios, enlist the web, talk to early adopters, use marketing research, create an innovative environment, and cater to entrepreneurs. Answer 5: Incorrect. The ways to stimulate innovation are: build scenarios, enlist the web, talk to early adopters, use marketing research, create an innovative environment, and cater to entrepren eurs. 10. After learning that many of its customers were shopping at a nearby health-food store for grass-fed beef and organic milk, REF:-Price Grocers began stocking more organic items. REF:-Price Grocers adjusted its marketing strategy based on: Environment management Chapter 5: Pre-Test The Pilcher Company manufactures tents and other canvas goods in its two factories, located in Kentucky and West Virginia. Seven years ago, Pilcher began exporting its goods to several countries in Latin America, and sales have been very good. At least 25% of Pilchers revenue comes from its foreign sales. The Pilcher Company can probably best be characterized as a _____ multinational corporation. a. first-stage b. second-stage c. third-stage d. fourth-stage e. fifth-stage Mari is in Brazil for a vacation and has stumbled upon the most beautiful Brazilian cedar chest inlaid with Brauna wood veneers. She desperately wants the trunk, but isnt sure how much it actually costs. The shopkeeper is asking her for 2500 reals (the Brazilian currency). Maris husband knows that the exchange rate to the U.S. dollar is about 0.5 USD for 1 real. Calculate the cost of the trunk in U.S. dollars. $ Select all of the following that are true about globalization. a. Globalization has cost millions of Americans their jobs, particularly those in the manufacturing and tech industries. b. Globalization encourages political as well as economic freedom. c. Job outsourcing has decreased with globalization. d. Globalization raises the living standards of people in countries that embrace it. e. U.S. white-collar jobs are immune to being outsourced because they require a native speaker of English. 4. Select the table with the rest of the G-20 Member countries. Australia Japan Brazil Germany Turkey India Russia United Kingdom (or England) Saudi Arabia United States [or USA] 5, Select the methods of entering the Global Marketplace to the appropriate level of risk on the spectrum. Exporting Licensing and Franchising Contract Manufacturing Joint Venture Direct Investment 6. In Taiwan, the translation of the Pepsi slogan Come alive with the Pepsi Generation came out as Pepsi will bring your ancestors back from the dead. The managers at Pepsi evidently overlooked the importance of _____ factors in global marketing. a. demographic b. political c. technological d. cultural e. economic Incorrect. Language is a central part of culture and has created problems for many companies entering foreign markets. 7. Pillsbury advertisements on Indian television depict the familiar Doughboy pressing his palms together and bowing in the traditional Indian greeting. Pillsbury obviously understands the rewards of _____ marketing. a. sales b. guerilla c. regional d. global e. green 8. A Vietnamese textile factory sells its goods in the United States at a price 40% less than that charged in Vietnam. The textile factory may be engaging in: a. boycotting. b. price gouging. c. dumping. d. bouncing. e. countertrading 9. Campbells watercress and duck gizzard soup (which is popular in China) and Frito-Lays shrimp-flavored potato chip (sold in Thailand), are examples of: a. product standardization. b. promotion adaptation. c. product adaptation. d. competitive pricing. e. product invention. Incorrect. In the context of global marketing, product invention can be taken to mean either creating a new product for a market or drastically changing an existing product. Mercosur is the largest Latin American trade agreement, created in 1991 to promote free trade and the fluid movement of goods, peoples, and currency in South America. Select all of the following countries that are part of Mercosur. a. Venezuela b. Mexico c. Brazil d. Costa Rica e. Peru f. Uruguay Chapter 5: Post-test 1. Dynamo Industries spent $10 million on equipment in its new South Korean facilities last year, but only $3 million on labor. It is safe to say that Dynamos operations in South Korea a. are capital intensive. b. greatly increase employment in South Korea. c. are underfinanced. d. are labor intensive. e. have probably cost many South Koreans their jobs. 2. Match the company description with the stage of global business development. WRONG 3. The Camay soap you buy at your local grocery store is virtually the same as the Camay soap offered for sale in Great Britain, Italy, Mexico, and Taiwan. Procter Gamble has moved toward _____ with this product. a. contract manufacturing b. global marketing standardization c. product adaptation d. competitive advantage e. product myopia After class one day, your friend Miguel says that he can foresee a time in the not too distant future when the European Union (EU) will essentially become the United States of Europe. Based on what youve read in your textbook, you: a. agree, because the EU has purchasing power almost equal to that of the United States. b. disagree, because the political instability in Europe will never allow that to happen. c. agree, because the EU is already the largest economy in the world. d. disagree, because Europes diverse languages and national cultures will make it almost impossible for marketers to develop single European products for generic European consumers. e. agree, because over the past few years labor productivity in the EU has equaled or exceeded that of the United States. Fill in the blanks of the paragraph using the drop down menu to select the choice that best fits each blank. Wilmaris build your own homemade cupcake business is booming. She has received inquiries from all over the world about retailing her Foolproof Bakery Style Cupcake Baker toaster oven and her wide range of cupcake mixes, fillings, and frosting, which are Production adaptation for a global market. Wilmari knows that she has to make sure her electronics work in foreign outlets and shes been researching retailers, distributors, and even flavors that other countries my enjoy. Wilmaris E-commerce distribution is helping her make her first steps towards having a global business. For now, however, Wilmari directs all the international inquiries to her website, where her customers can use Currency exchange to order sets or mixes, as well as see the cost of international shipping. Wilmari also has a Money back guarantee that she offers only domestic customers, just in case there are regulations in other countries. For now, the web is her easiest road into the global market, but Wilmaris research and diligence should enable her to be one of the few small promotion adaptations located in the United States! 6. Right Wedding dress designers change white to red for Chinese customers. Culture, PG offers single use sizes of deodorant in India for much less than full size deodorants in the U.S. Economic Factors, Google is sued by a doctor in France for libel when search results for his name brought up an old malpractice suit that he had served time for. Legal and Political Factors, Up-and-coming diamond retailer Hearts of Fire fights with larger companies for limited diamonds from Africa. Natural Resources 7. Langdon Farms sends milk to Yinkers, a Canadian cheese maker; in payment, Yinkers sends Langdon Farms cheddar and Swiss cheese, which Langdon Farms in turn markets in the United States. Langdon Farms and Yinkers are engaging in: a. price fixing. b. dumping. c. countertrading. d. a quota system. e. bribery 8. Select all of the following that are product adaptation. a. Offering ketchup sized packets of Pantene 2-in-1 shampoo and conditioner in Bolivia for 5 cents. b. Campbells offering duck gizzard soup in China. c. Dunkin Donuts selling green tea donuts in Korea. d. HM offering fringed burquas in Dubai. 9. Martin just gave a business presentation where he emphasized benefits to the bottom line, that his company would provide strong service support, and the products guarantee. Where is Martin giving his presentation? a. Sweden b. Germany c. Japan d. Hungary e. Peru Incorrect. These are all characteristics listed for giving successful business presentations in Germany. 10.Plast-eet, a Vermont manufacturer of plastic eating utensils, sells its products to Misha, who has an office in New York City. Plast-eet takes its money from Misha and goes away happy. Misha, in turn, sells the products to buyers in several African countries and keeps the revenues. Misha is most likely a(n): a. buyer for export. b. export broker. c. buyer for import. d. venture capitalist. e. export agent

Effectiveness of E-Marketing

Effectiveness of E-Marketing Virtual Era- New Features In Marketing Cap Synopsis Aim: The purpose of this study is to analyze the current practices going on in the Indian market in terms of using the virtual market and virtual marketing as tool to enhance bottom top line and for a better penetration. It would also throw light on various marketing strategies can be synchronized with web marketing for better and optimum results. Objective: The study would predominantly give an idea about the effectiveness of E-Marketing in contemporary scenario wherein most of the companies are using it as the most effective tool to ensure that their product or services are being reached to masses, because of the pervasive nature of web market its another feather in the cap of market. This thesis depicts how a small sized Business-To-Business company can create an e-marketing plan. For this purpose, this thesis would incorporate most of the industries that are into the business of serving customers with their product services. The thesis first carries out a literature study to explain the concepts and methods related with the e-marketing activities. Furthermore, the case company is introduced. Since an e-marketing plan is similar to a marketing plan, the products, target markets and competitors are also introduced among others. During the case study, the advices and the strategies are proposed. Since the thesis has a â€Å"hands-on implementation† feature, some of the strategies are implemented by sticking to the â€Å"action plans† in an iterative way. Doing so, thesis depicts evaluation for the recommended strategies. Finally, conclusions and areas for future work are presented along with the â€Å"Lessons Learned† during the project. Methodology: The method used for finding the relevant information for the research is mentioned below: 1) Secondary Research a. Internet Assistance b. Books, Articles working papers c. Magazines Journals 2) Primary research Primary research would predominantly look on analysis part of consumer behavior to track their behavior of web marketing. a. General Observation on site I. Closer observation on shoppers Behavior II. Functionality of Industry III. Impact of E-Marketing b. Questionnaire I. Sample size would be 100 II. Multi-dimensional Sampling III. Factor Analysis c. Focus Group Interview I. General Discussion with customers d. Interview I. Extensive Meetings with Industry people.Based on this I will conclude that whether consumers are being affected by the ways of web marketing of industries or not or what should be the modus operandi of companies to allure their target audience. Virtual market Forty nine of the Worlds leading food, beverages, and consumer products companies have joined hands to form the largest business to business e-Market place Transora.com. The new company is the first of its kind owned by the consumer products industry. Transora will help consumer products companies across the world to streamline business transactions with their buyers, suppliers and distributors through the internet. Transoras services will span the entire supply chain-from suppliers to manufactures to retailers-and provide procurement, vendor, and product catalogues, online order management, supply chain collaboration, and financial services. The companies have committed nearly us $ 250 million for funding Transora (CBI News Bulletin, July/august 2000) The buzz word viral marketing and coral advertising and virtual marketing refers to marketing techniques that use pre-existing social networks produce increase in brand awareness or to achieve other marketing objectives (such as product sales) through self replicating viral processes, analogues to the spread of pathological and computer viruses. It can be word of mouth delivered or enhanced by the network effects of the internet. Viral promotions may take the form of video clips, interactive flash games, Adver games, EBooks, brand able software, images, or even text messages. The goal of marketers interested in creating successful viral marketing programs is to identify individuals with high social networking potential and create viral messages that appeal to this segment of the population and have a high probability of being taken by another competitor. The term viral marketing or virtual marketing has been also used pejoratively to refer to stealth marketing campaigns- the unscrupulous use of astroturfing on line combined with under market advertising in shopping centers to create the impression of spontaneous word of mouth enthusiasm. Internet marketing Internet marketing also referred to as marketing, web marketing, online marketing or eMarketing is the marketing of products or services over the internet. The internet has brought media to a global audience. The interactive nature of internet marketing in terms of providing instant response and eliciting responses is a unique quality of the medium. Internet marketing is sometimes considered to have a broader scope because it only refers to the internet, email, and wireless media, but it includes management of digital customer data and electronic Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system. Internet marketing ties together creative and technical aspects of the internet, including design, development, advertising, and sales. Internet marketing also refers to the placement of media along with different stages of the Customer Engagement Cycle through search engine Marketing(SEM), Search Engine Optimization(SEO), banner ads on specific websites, email marketing, and web 2.0 strategies. In 2008 the New York Times, working with co score, published an initial estimate to quantify the user data collected by large internet based companies. Counting four types of interactions with company websites in addition to the hits from advertisements served from advertising networks, the authors found the potential for collecting data upward of 2500 times on average per user per month. eMarketing EMarketing is a subset of e business that utilize electronic medium to perform marketing activities and achieve desired marketing objectives for an organization. Internet marketing, interactive marketing, and mobile marketing for example, are all the form of e marketing. eBusiness EBusiness means utilizing electronic medium in everyday business activities. There are several levels of involvement in when it comes to EBusiness. For example where one organization relies completely on e business the second one way chooses a mixed presence and means of doing business. Difference Difference between eBusiness, eCommerce, and eMarketing †¢ eBusiness is a very broad entity dealing with the entire complex system that comprises a business that uses electronic medium to perform or assist its overall or specialized business activities. †¢ eCommerce is best described in a transactional context. So for example an electronic transition of funds, information, or entertainment falls under the category handled by principles of eCommerce. Technically e commerce is a part of e business †¢ eMarketing is also a part of e business that involves electronic medium to achieve marketing objectives. E marketing is set on a strategic level in addition to traditional marketing and business strategy. Difference between e marketing and interactive marketing eMarketing is a broader term that describes any marketing activity performed via electronic medium. Interactive marketing is generally a sub of eMarketing that involves a certain level of interaction. Difference between eMarkeitng and internet or web Marketing: There is no real difference between eMarketing and internet or web marketing. However, with the arrival of mobile technologies such as PDAs and 3G mobile phones, as well as interactive television, both terms would see eMarketing and internet or web marketing as subtly different, for example chaffy; Internet {or web} marketing is achieving marketing objectives through applying digital technologies. eMarketing is achieving marketing objectives through use of electronic communications technology. Whilst this distinction is wholly acceptable, it is difficult to see where the distinction lies between digital technologies and electronic communications technologies, especially with the convergence of technologies such as mobile devices. Advantages of eMarketing Following are some of the advantages of e marketing: à ¼ Reduction in costs through automation and use of electronic media. à ¼ Faster response to both marketers and the end user. à ¼ Increased ability to measure and collect data. à ¼ Opens the possibility to a market of one through personalization. à ¼ Increased interactivity. Disadvantages of eMarketing Following are some disadvantages of eMarketing: à ¼ lack of personal approach , à ¼ Defensibility on technology, à ¼ Security, privacy issues, à ¼ Maintenance costs due to a constantly evolving environment, à ¼ Higher transparency of pricing and increased price promotion, à ¼ Worldwide competition through globalization. eMarketing Plan eMarketing plan is a strategic document developed through analysis and research and is aimed at achieving marketing objectives via electronic media. eMarketing plan represents a sub set of organizations overall marketing plans supports the general business strategy. Every good eMarketing plan must be developed in line with the organizations overall marketing plan. In a broad sense e marketers generally start by analyzing the current micro- and macro economic situation of the organization. eMarketers must observe both internal and external factors when developing an e marketing plan as trends in both micro environment elements are: pricing, suppliers, customers. Examples or macro environment are: socio economic, political, demographics and legal factors. In order to reduce a viable e marketing solution, e marketers must first understand the current situation of the company and its environment, profile, segment the target market and then strategically position the products as to achieve optimal response with the target market. This is generally achieved through SWOT analysis. By assessing organizations strengths and weaknesses and looking at current opportunities and threats one can devise an e marketing strategy that can improve the organizations bottom line. eMarketing(in brief) eMarketing is essentially a part of marketing. But à ¼ What is the difference between eMarketing and internet or web marketing? à ¼ What are the eMarketing tools? And how do marketers plan for eMarketing? The American marketing association definition 2004 is as follows: Marketing is an organizational function and a set of processes for creating, communicating, and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders. Therefore e marketing by its very nature is one aspect of an organizational function and a set of process for creating, communicating, and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders. As such an aspect, eMarketing has its own approaches and tools that contribute to the achievement of marketing goals and objectives. This also helps us to differentiate between eMarkeitng and eCommerce, since eCommerce is simply buying and selling online: What are the eMarketing tools? The internet has a number of tools to offer to the marketer. à ¼ A company can distribute via the internet e.g. amazon.com, à ¼ A company can use the internet as a way of building and maintaining a customer relationship e.g. Dell.com, à ¼ The money collection part of a transaction could be done online e.g. electricity and telephone bills, à ¼ Leads can be generated by attracting potential customers to sign up for short periods of time, before signing up for the long-term e.g. which.co.uk, à ¼ The internet could be used for advertising e.g. Google Adwords, Finally, the web can be used as a way of collecting direct responses e.g. as part of a voting system for a game show. How do marketers plan for eMarketing? There are two ways to looking it; à ¼ An existing organization may embark upon some eMarkeitng as part of their marketing plan. à ¼ An organization trades solely on the internet and so their marketing plan focuses purely on eMarketing. The marketing plan in either case is the next step, whether focused upon eMarketing or all, marketing. The next lessons focus upon a tailor-made eMarketing plan which conforms to the Acronym AOSTC {from our generic marketing planning session} Situation analysis for VIRTUAL marketing The situation analysis for eMarketing bridges the internal audit and competitor research. It answers the question where are we now in terms of our marketing (internal v/s external perspective)? The analysis literally considers your eMarkeitng situation by considering the fit between internal and external factors. There are similarities with traditional concepts and techniques, but you need to focus upon digital commerce. Here we consider the 5ss of internet marketing, the customer life cycle, and the application of SWOT analysis. The Customer Life Cycle (CLC) The customer life cycle is a tool that creation and delivery of lifetime value to customers i.e. CLC looks at products and services that customers need throughout their lives. It is market oriented rather than product oriented. Key stages of the customer relationship are considered. SWOT analysis-ranked and weighted SWOT analysis is a tool for auditing an organization and its environment. It is the first stage of planning and helps marketers to focus on key issues. SWOT stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Some of the problems that you may encounter with SWOT are as a result of one of its key benefits i.e. its flexibility. Since SWOT analysis can be used in a variety of scenarios, it has to be flexible. To overcome these issues, one should employ a power SWOT. SWOT analysis-Power SWOT SWOT analysis is a marketing audit that considers an organizations strengths, weaknesses opportunities and threats. Our introductory lesson gives you the basics of how to compete your SWOT as you begin to learn about marketing tools. As you learn more about SWOT analysis, you will become aware of a number of potential limitations with this popular tool. This lesson aims to help you overcome potential pitfalls. Some of the problems that you may encounter with SWOT are as a result of one of its key benefits i.e. flexibility since SWOT analysis can be used in a variety of scenarios, it has to be flexible. However this can lead to a number of anomalies. Problems with basis SWOT analysis can be addressed using a more critical power SWOT. Power is an acronym for personal experience, order, weighting, emphasizing detail, and rank priorities. This is how it works. How do you the marketing manager fit in relation with the SWOT analysis? You bring your experiences, skills, knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs to the audit. Your perception or simple gut feeling will impact the SWOT. Often marketing managers will in adversely reverse opportunities and strengths, and threats and weaknesses. This is because the line between internal strengths and weaknesses, and external opportunities and threats is sometimes difficult to spot. For example, in relation to global warming and climate change, one could mistake environmentalism as a threat rather than a potential opportunity. Too often elements of a SWOT analysis are not weighted. Naturally some points will be more controversial than others, so weight the factors. One way would be to use percentages e.g. threat a=10%, threat b=70%, and threat =20 %{ they total 100%} Detail, reasoning, and justification are often omitted from the SWOT analysis. Where one tends to find is that the analysis contains lists of single words. For example, under opportunities one might find the term technology. This stage word does not tell a reader very much. What is really meant is: Technology enables marketers to communicate via mobile devices close to the point of purchase. This provides the opportunity of a distinct competitive advantage for our company. This will greatly assist you when deciding upon best to score and weight each element. Once detail has been added, and factors have been revived for weighting, you can then progress to give the SWOT analysis some strategic meaning i.e. you can begin to select those factors that will most greatly influence your marketing strategy albeit a mix of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threatens. Essentially you rank them highest to lowest, and then prioritize those with the highest rank e.g. where opportunity c= 60% opportunity a= 25% and opportunity b = 10% you marketing plan would address opportunity c first, and opportunity b last. It is important to address opportunities primarily since your business should be market oriented. Then match strengths to opportunities and look for a fit. Address any gaps between current strengths and future opportunities. Finally attempt to rephrase threats as opportunities (as with global warming and climate change above), and address weaknesses so that they become strengths, Gap analysis would be bridge the gap between them. Competitor research for Virtual marketing (External perspective) As you plan for eMarketing and during the plans implementation, one needs to play careful attention to the activities of competitors, so competitors research for eMarketing is essential when attempting to answer the question where are we now (external perspective). There are a number of approaches that can be employed, with the emphasis on each approach shifting depending upon the nature of our e business and market. Here are some key tools of competitor research for eMarketing. à ¼ Use search engines. Ø General topics such as Google, yahoo And msn Ø Type names of competitors Ø Type industry, product or term Ø Search ‘down in to a directory structure e.g. yahoo Ø Search a competitors web site Ø Product information , press released, job opportunities Ø Pricing information Ø Distribution information such as where to buy. à ¼ Hunt for trade associations Ø Search for personal pages or blogs Ø Different perspective e.g. fans, ex-employees. Ø e.g. v www. blogger. com , v www. myspace. com, v www. youtube. Com. à ¼ Ask your target market. Ø Send question to named personnel, newsgroups, personal pages, mailing lists. Ø Conduct a survey using. Ø Buy secondary reports e.g. data monitors, mintel. à ¼ Newsgroups and post queries, Ø newsgroups on bulletin boards or forums Ø Deja. com(Google) Ø Read online financial information Ø research public companies Ø iii.co.uk ample up Ø ft.com up à ¼ Read online competitive information. Ø e.g. hoovers.com paid for, inus à ¼ Study demographic reports Ø statistics.gov.uk/ census in up Ø census.gov inus à ¼ Original source material Ø Business source elite, newspapers, Kellys compass. à ¼ Monitor special interest material Ø Business source elite, newspaper, Kellys, compass. à ¼ Monitor special interest material. Ø E.g. marketing week (BSE), campaign (BSE), marketing (BSE). à ¼ Use a professional researcher EMarketing Mix The eMarketing mix is essentially the same as the marketing mix. it is simply the adaption of price, place product, and promotion to the eMarketing context. Of course one could also include physical evidence, people, and process when marketing planning for an online service. Below are a series of lessons that consider how markets can apply the eMarketing mix to their organizations own product, service, brand, or solution. E marketing price The eMarketing mix is simply an adaptation of the traditional marketing mix and ‘P for price. However, the internet has influenced how online businesses price in a number of ways. E Marketing Place {Place tactics as part of the eMarketing mix.) The e marketing space consists of new internet companies that have emerged as the internet has developed, as well as those pre-existing companies that new employ eMarketing approaches as part of their overall marketing plan. For some companies the internet is an additional channel that enhances or replaces their traditional channel of place. Pre Existing companies that have adopted eMarketing These are traditional companies that trade on the internet, Banking and financial services e.g. HSBC bank. Banks and financial services have benefited tremendously from the popularity of internet usage. There is a mixture of new online banks and traditional banks, both offering online banking services. Essentially banks no longer need to invest in high cost, high street selling unit i.e. old fashioned town-based banks. Labor costs have also been reduced since much of the traditional banking bureaucracy is done using it and the use of overseas call centers has meant that salaries are much lower. Software also means that customers can be retained by using Customer Relationship Management (CRM) eMarketing approaches. E marketing product Considered product as part of the marketing mix. Two previous tools for product decision-making have been introduced- Product Life Cycle (PLC) and the three levels of a product. Both of these tools and equally applicable to the context of e marketing and can be easily applied to include e marketing and product. For example a product marketed solely online will go through a life cycle in the same unpredictable way as a product marketed through any traditional channel (PLC). Products marketed online will have a core benefit tot eh customer, be an actual tangible product, with augmentation that ads value such as insurance, warranties and so on three levels of a product). Although tools actually specify the term ‘product, they can be easily adapted to include brands. Services or solutions. E marketing product/business matrix (depicted below should be used in conjunction with Product Life Cycle (PLC) and the three levels of a product. It represents additional tools for audit that bridges existing businesses and new online start-us, and existing products and new products. It allows marketers to categories those marketing on the internet as an online extender, an online alternative, an online innovator (existing business), and Oran online innovator (online start-up). Let us look at it in more detail; A- Online extender An on line extender is an existing business that has a strategy whereby it extends its marketing activities to the internet. It could be any traditional, terrestrial organization that has historically grown through using traditional channels of distribution to get existing products, brands, services, or solutions to market. B- Online alternatives The online alternative is a new start-up that uses the internet as an original channel of distribution to get products, brands, services or solutions, currently available elsewhere, to, arekt. Some segments may be better targeted with this online alternative for example remote or fragmented markets. C and d- Online innovators Online innovators come in two forms; C- Online innovators are existing businesses that see a benefit to launching new and innovative products, brands, services or solutions online by leveraging new technology. Existing businesses have a wealth of knowledges and learning that underpin their moves onto the web. Remember, the internet is not a business paradigm shift (at last not yet) and so current business approaches are often adapted for the internet. Existing businesses have experience. D- Online innovators are start-ups that seize the opportunities to launch new and innovative products, brands, services, or solutions online. Deposit not having as much knowledge and learning as some of their competitors, they are flexible and can move much more quickly. Start-ups often experience. We have already considered product as part of the marketing mix. Two previous tools for product decision- making have been introduced product life cycle and the three level of a product. E marketing promotion Ø It looks at ways of increasing the popularity of your website by looking at the internal optimization of the website itself. It considers many important ways of building your traffic, including Search Engine Optimization (SEO) approaches. Ø It looks at ways of increasing the popularity of your website by looking at external sources of internet advertising. Ø Lesson internet marketing and promotion: internet advertising. Ø This lesson looks at ways of increasing the popularity of your website by looking at external sources of internet advertising. Ø Pay per click advertising Ø Google ad words. Google ad words are a Cost per Click (CPC) online advertising program. Identically that means that you decide upon key word that relates closely to your product or service. Using Googles tools, you price how much it would cost your per click for your chosen keyword- this could be lucent, $1.50 or more, depending on the popularity of the keyword. So the keyword marketing would be more expensive than the keyword marketing cheese china because of its level of popularity. You then allocate a budget, and pay Google by credit card. You can control the length of your campaign, or end it as soon as the money in PPC management (Pay per Click Management) or recruit a verified Google awards professional. Adverts appear alongside Google search results- so go to Google and search for marketing. The ads appearing alongside the main search results are cps. Ads also appear on selected content websites-such as www.chichesteuk.com-look at the adverts along the top, and down the right hand column- this is where ads based upon the keyword chic ester would appear. You only pay for adverts that get clicked- not for page views- so you pay nothing if your advert is simply viewed. There is also an opportunity for ‘Smart pricing whereby you pay more for the advert if a sale is guaranteed e.g. you have a website based upon fishing- you write a review of a new type of fishing rod, the visitor then sees an ad for the same rod in an ad words text ad running on the same page then clicks on it and buys from the advertiser. Adwords is a very targeted and controllable way of online advertising hence the huge rises in income and profit for Google over recent times. EMarketing Price (Pricing tactics as part of the eMarketing mix.) The eMarketing mix is simply an adaption of the traditional marketing mix and ‘P for price. However the internet has influenced how online businesses price in a number of ways. International pricing and competition give consumers access to the lowest price for any generic good. For example, British consumers benefit when buying products from the United States since there is almost two dollar to the pound. Conversely this makes British goods more expensive to the American consumer. So it is cheap to buy spectacles from a us website and then to import them into the UK (even including transport costs and import taxes) Online auctions are a popular and innovative way of pricing, for example ebay. Here you register with the online auction company as a seller and/or a buyer. You can place an item into auction where buyers bid against each other. The highest bidder wins. The auction websites takes a commission. The commission is factored into the price you pay. Greater access to pricing information, more quickly and in a format that makes pricing comparable and transparent. There are a number of sites that will compare and contrast prices for the same or similar goods and services e.g. prices on car insurance. Pricing could also include the cost of an online advertising medium such as Google ad words. Here an online supplier would buy a keyword located in a text or image based advert onto Googles own search engine or onto a website belonging to a Google publisher. For example you search term hair straightness on Google and you are directed to a site about hair dressing. On this site is plenty of information about hair straightening, placed next to some contextual adverts. You click on the advert and you are taken to a site selling hair dressing supplies. You buy the hair straightness and your supplier pay a small ‘Pay-Per-Click fee which is split between Google and their publisher. This is factored into the price you pay. Traditional pricing tactics used in eMarketing Of course the internet marketers still has a whole selection of the more traditional pricing approaches to choose from that can be adapted to eMarketing scenarios: Premium pricing e.g. selling music via iTunes. à ¼ Penetration pricing e.g. giving away free subscription to land grab market share for new start ups such as youtube.com and myspace.com. à ¼ Economy pricing e.g. selling basic products and services online likes basic design or paperclips. à ¼ Price skimming e.g. new product launches online such as albums or games. à ¼ Psychological pricing e.g. products and services sold at 99p or $99.99 (price point perspective). à ¼ Product line pricing e.g. subscription 1 @ free, subscription 2 @ $10.00(with added value) and subscription 3 @ $49.99 for 10 year. à ¼ Pricing variations e.g. budget airlines selling tickets online where the first tickets bought are the cheapest, and the last ones bought tend to be more expensive. à ¼ Optional product pricing e.g. selling a holiday online with travel insurance. à ¼ Captive product pricing e.g. once you buy virus software from one brand, your updates must also come from them. à ¼ Product bundle pricing e.g. buying internet access which comes with free online phone calls. à ¼ Promotional pricing e.g. betting incentives, such as free dollars to gambles online for current customers that gamble on football games to tempt them to play online pocker, or vouchers with codes sent by email as rewards e.g. Amazon.com. à ¼ Geographical Pricing e.g. Microsoft pricing in different currencies in different international markets. Search marketing {Overture and yahoo} Overture is the yahoo equivalent of Googles ad words. Now known as yahoo Search marketing, overture has a series of sub-products that make up its internet marketing program. Here some examples: 1) Sponsored search: Displays your advert at the top of the search engine results. So your potential customers search for a ‘keyword and your advert appears at the top of the results page. Again, as this ad words, the advertisers bid against each other to obtain the position that will generate the most convertible traffic to their site. Popular keywords will cost more-obviously. 2) Local advertising: Gets your business listed in yahoos business directory. So if you wish to promote products in specific regions next to specific search keywords, this is a much targeted geographical services. Overture h Effectiveness of E-Marketing Effectiveness of E-Marketing Virtual Era- New Features In Marketing Cap Synopsis Aim: The purpose of this study is to analyze the current practices going on in the Indian market in terms of using the virtual market and virtual marketing as tool to enhance bottom top line and for a better penetration. It would also throw light on various marketing strategies can be synchronized with web marketing for better and optimum results. Objective: The study would predominantly give an idea about the effectiveness of E-Marketing in contemporary scenario wherein most of the companies are using it as the most effective tool to ensure that their product or services are being reached to masses, because of the pervasive nature of web market its another feather in the cap of market. This thesis depicts how a small sized Business-To-Business company can create an e-marketing plan. For this purpose, this thesis would incorporate most of the industries that are into the business of serving customers with their product services. The thesis first carries out a literature study to explain the concepts and methods related with the e-marketing activities. Furthermore, the case company is introduced. Since an e-marketing plan is similar to a marketing plan, the products, target markets and competitors are also introduced among others. During the case study, the advices and the strategies are proposed. Since the thesis has a â€Å"hands-on implementation† feature, some of the strategies are implemented by sticking to the â€Å"action plans† in an iterative way. Doing so, thesis depicts evaluation for the recommended strategies. Finally, conclusions and areas for future work are presented along with the â€Å"Lessons Learned† during the project. Methodology: The method used for finding the relevant information for the research is mentioned below: 1) Secondary Research a. Internet Assistance b. Books, Articles working papers c. Magazines Journals 2) Primary research Primary research would predominantly look on analysis part of consumer behavior to track their behavior of web marketing. a. General Observation on site I. Closer observation on shoppers Behavior II. Functionality of Industry III. Impact of E-Marketing b. Questionnaire I. Sample size would be 100 II. Multi-dimensional Sampling III. Factor Analysis c. Focus Group Interview I. General Discussion with customers d. Interview I. Extensive Meetings with Industry people.Based on this I will conclude that whether consumers are being affected by the ways of web marketing of industries or not or what should be the modus operandi of companies to allure their target audience. Virtual market Forty nine of the Worlds leading food, beverages, and consumer products companies have joined hands to form the largest business to business e-Market place Transora.com. The new company is the first of its kind owned by the consumer products industry. Transora will help consumer products companies across the world to streamline business transactions with their buyers, suppliers and distributors through the internet. Transoras services will span the entire supply chain-from suppliers to manufactures to retailers-and provide procurement, vendor, and product catalogues, online order management, supply chain collaboration, and financial services. The companies have committed nearly us $ 250 million for funding Transora (CBI News Bulletin, July/august 2000) The buzz word viral marketing and coral advertising and virtual marketing refers to marketing techniques that use pre-existing social networks produce increase in brand awareness or to achieve other marketing objectives (such as product sales) through self replicating viral processes, analogues to the spread of pathological and computer viruses. It can be word of mouth delivered or enhanced by the network effects of the internet. Viral promotions may take the form of video clips, interactive flash games, Adver games, EBooks, brand able software, images, or even text messages. The goal of marketers interested in creating successful viral marketing programs is to identify individuals with high social networking potential and create viral messages that appeal to this segment of the population and have a high probability of being taken by another competitor. The term viral marketing or virtual marketing has been also used pejoratively to refer to stealth marketing campaigns- the unscrupulous use of astroturfing on line combined with under market advertising in shopping centers to create the impression of spontaneous word of mouth enthusiasm. Internet marketing Internet marketing also referred to as marketing, web marketing, online marketing or eMarketing is the marketing of products or services over the internet. The internet has brought media to a global audience. The interactive nature of internet marketing in terms of providing instant response and eliciting responses is a unique quality of the medium. Internet marketing is sometimes considered to have a broader scope because it only refers to the internet, email, and wireless media, but it includes management of digital customer data and electronic Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system. Internet marketing ties together creative and technical aspects of the internet, including design, development, advertising, and sales. Internet marketing also refers to the placement of media along with different stages of the Customer Engagement Cycle through search engine Marketing(SEM), Search Engine Optimization(SEO), banner ads on specific websites, email marketing, and web 2.0 strategies. In 2008 the New York Times, working with co score, published an initial estimate to quantify the user data collected by large internet based companies. Counting four types of interactions with company websites in addition to the hits from advertisements served from advertising networks, the authors found the potential for collecting data upward of 2500 times on average per user per month. eMarketing EMarketing is a subset of e business that utilize electronic medium to perform marketing activities and achieve desired marketing objectives for an organization. Internet marketing, interactive marketing, and mobile marketing for example, are all the form of e marketing. eBusiness EBusiness means utilizing electronic medium in everyday business activities. There are several levels of involvement in when it comes to EBusiness. For example where one organization relies completely on e business the second one way chooses a mixed presence and means of doing business. Difference Difference between eBusiness, eCommerce, and eMarketing †¢ eBusiness is a very broad entity dealing with the entire complex system that comprises a business that uses electronic medium to perform or assist its overall or specialized business activities. †¢ eCommerce is best described in a transactional context. So for example an electronic transition of funds, information, or entertainment falls under the category handled by principles of eCommerce. Technically e commerce is a part of e business †¢ eMarketing is also a part of e business that involves electronic medium to achieve marketing objectives. E marketing is set on a strategic level in addition to traditional marketing and business strategy. Difference between e marketing and interactive marketing eMarketing is a broader term that describes any marketing activity performed via electronic medium. Interactive marketing is generally a sub of eMarketing that involves a certain level of interaction. Difference between eMarkeitng and internet or web Marketing: There is no real difference between eMarketing and internet or web marketing. However, with the arrival of mobile technologies such as PDAs and 3G mobile phones, as well as interactive television, both terms would see eMarketing and internet or web marketing as subtly different, for example chaffy; Internet {or web} marketing is achieving marketing objectives through applying digital technologies. eMarketing is achieving marketing objectives through use of electronic communications technology. Whilst this distinction is wholly acceptable, it is difficult to see where the distinction lies between digital technologies and electronic communications technologies, especially with the convergence of technologies such as mobile devices. Advantages of eMarketing Following are some of the advantages of e marketing: à ¼ Reduction in costs through automation and use of electronic media. à ¼ Faster response to both marketers and the end user. à ¼ Increased ability to measure and collect data. à ¼ Opens the possibility to a market of one through personalization. à ¼ Increased interactivity. Disadvantages of eMarketing Following are some disadvantages of eMarketing: à ¼ lack of personal approach , à ¼ Defensibility on technology, à ¼ Security, privacy issues, à ¼ Maintenance costs due to a constantly evolving environment, à ¼ Higher transparency of pricing and increased price promotion, à ¼ Worldwide competition through globalization. eMarketing Plan eMarketing plan is a strategic document developed through analysis and research and is aimed at achieving marketing objectives via electronic media. eMarketing plan represents a sub set of organizations overall marketing plans supports the general business strategy. Every good eMarketing plan must be developed in line with the organizations overall marketing plan. In a broad sense e marketers generally start by analyzing the current micro- and macro economic situation of the organization. eMarketers must observe both internal and external factors when developing an e marketing plan as trends in both micro environment elements are: pricing, suppliers, customers. Examples or macro environment are: socio economic, political, demographics and legal factors. In order to reduce a viable e marketing solution, e marketers must first understand the current situation of the company and its environment, profile, segment the target market and then strategically position the products as to achieve optimal response with the target market. This is generally achieved through SWOT analysis. By assessing organizations strengths and weaknesses and looking at current opportunities and threats one can devise an e marketing strategy that can improve the organizations bottom line. eMarketing(in brief) eMarketing is essentially a part of marketing. But à ¼ What is the difference between eMarketing and internet or web marketing? à ¼ What are the eMarketing tools? And how do marketers plan for eMarketing? The American marketing association definition 2004 is as follows: Marketing is an organizational function and a set of processes for creating, communicating, and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders. Therefore e marketing by its very nature is one aspect of an organizational function and a set of process for creating, communicating, and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders. As such an aspect, eMarketing has its own approaches and tools that contribute to the achievement of marketing goals and objectives. This also helps us to differentiate between eMarkeitng and eCommerce, since eCommerce is simply buying and selling online: What are the eMarketing tools? The internet has a number of tools to offer to the marketer. à ¼ A company can distribute via the internet e.g. amazon.com, à ¼ A company can use the internet as a way of building and maintaining a customer relationship e.g. Dell.com, à ¼ The money collection part of a transaction could be done online e.g. electricity and telephone bills, à ¼ Leads can be generated by attracting potential customers to sign up for short periods of time, before signing up for the long-term e.g. which.co.uk, à ¼ The internet could be used for advertising e.g. Google Adwords, Finally, the web can be used as a way of collecting direct responses e.g. as part of a voting system for a game show. How do marketers plan for eMarketing? There are two ways to looking it; à ¼ An existing organization may embark upon some eMarkeitng as part of their marketing plan. à ¼ An organization trades solely on the internet and so their marketing plan focuses purely on eMarketing. The marketing plan in either case is the next step, whether focused upon eMarketing or all, marketing. The next lessons focus upon a tailor-made eMarketing plan which conforms to the Acronym AOSTC {from our generic marketing planning session} Situation analysis for VIRTUAL marketing The situation analysis for eMarketing bridges the internal audit and competitor research. It answers the question where are we now in terms of our marketing (internal v/s external perspective)? The analysis literally considers your eMarkeitng situation by considering the fit between internal and external factors. There are similarities with traditional concepts and techniques, but you need to focus upon digital commerce. Here we consider the 5ss of internet marketing, the customer life cycle, and the application of SWOT analysis. The Customer Life Cycle (CLC) The customer life cycle is a tool that creation and delivery of lifetime value to customers i.e. CLC looks at products and services that customers need throughout their lives. It is market oriented rather than product oriented. Key stages of the customer relationship are considered. SWOT analysis-ranked and weighted SWOT analysis is a tool for auditing an organization and its environment. It is the first stage of planning and helps marketers to focus on key issues. SWOT stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Some of the problems that you may encounter with SWOT are as a result of one of its key benefits i.e. its flexibility. Since SWOT analysis can be used in a variety of scenarios, it has to be flexible. To overcome these issues, one should employ a power SWOT. SWOT analysis-Power SWOT SWOT analysis is a marketing audit that considers an organizations strengths, weaknesses opportunities and threats. Our introductory lesson gives you the basics of how to compete your SWOT as you begin to learn about marketing tools. As you learn more about SWOT analysis, you will become aware of a number of potential limitations with this popular tool. This lesson aims to help you overcome potential pitfalls. Some of the problems that you may encounter with SWOT are as a result of one of its key benefits i.e. flexibility since SWOT analysis can be used in a variety of scenarios, it has to be flexible. However this can lead to a number of anomalies. Problems with basis SWOT analysis can be addressed using a more critical power SWOT. Power is an acronym for personal experience, order, weighting, emphasizing detail, and rank priorities. This is how it works. How do you the marketing manager fit in relation with the SWOT analysis? You bring your experiences, skills, knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs to the audit. Your perception or simple gut feeling will impact the SWOT. Often marketing managers will in adversely reverse opportunities and strengths, and threats and weaknesses. This is because the line between internal strengths and weaknesses, and external opportunities and threats is sometimes difficult to spot. For example, in relation to global warming and climate change, one could mistake environmentalism as a threat rather than a potential opportunity. Too often elements of a SWOT analysis are not weighted. Naturally some points will be more controversial than others, so weight the factors. One way would be to use percentages e.g. threat a=10%, threat b=70%, and threat =20 %{ they total 100%} Detail, reasoning, and justification are often omitted from the SWOT analysis. Where one tends to find is that the analysis contains lists of single words. For example, under opportunities one might find the term technology. This stage word does not tell a reader very much. What is really meant is: Technology enables marketers to communicate via mobile devices close to the point of purchase. This provides the opportunity of a distinct competitive advantage for our company. This will greatly assist you when deciding upon best to score and weight each element. Once detail has been added, and factors have been revived for weighting, you can then progress to give the SWOT analysis some strategic meaning i.e. you can begin to select those factors that will most greatly influence your marketing strategy albeit a mix of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threatens. Essentially you rank them highest to lowest, and then prioritize those with the highest rank e.g. where opportunity c= 60% opportunity a= 25% and opportunity b = 10% you marketing plan would address opportunity c first, and opportunity b last. It is important to address opportunities primarily since your business should be market oriented. Then match strengths to opportunities and look for a fit. Address any gaps between current strengths and future opportunities. Finally attempt to rephrase threats as opportunities (as with global warming and climate change above), and address weaknesses so that they become strengths, Gap analysis would be bridge the gap between them. Competitor research for Virtual marketing (External perspective) As you plan for eMarketing and during the plans implementation, one needs to play careful attention to the activities of competitors, so competitors research for eMarketing is essential when attempting to answer the question where are we now (external perspective). There are a number of approaches that can be employed, with the emphasis on each approach shifting depending upon the nature of our e business and market. Here are some key tools of competitor research for eMarketing. à ¼ Use search engines. Ø General topics such as Google, yahoo And msn Ø Type names of competitors Ø Type industry, product or term Ø Search ‘down in to a directory structure e.g. yahoo Ø Search a competitors web site Ø Product information , press released, job opportunities Ø Pricing information Ø Distribution information such as where to buy. à ¼ Hunt for trade associations Ø Search for personal pages or blogs Ø Different perspective e.g. fans, ex-employees. Ø e.g. v www. blogger. com , v www. myspace. com, v www. youtube. Com. à ¼ Ask your target market. Ø Send question to named personnel, newsgroups, personal pages, mailing lists. Ø Conduct a survey using. Ø Buy secondary reports e.g. data monitors, mintel. à ¼ Newsgroups and post queries, Ø newsgroups on bulletin boards or forums Ø Deja. com(Google) Ø Read online financial information Ø research public companies Ø iii.co.uk ample up Ø ft.com up à ¼ Read online competitive information. Ø e.g. hoovers.com paid for, inus à ¼ Study demographic reports Ø statistics.gov.uk/ census in up Ø census.gov inus à ¼ Original source material Ø Business source elite, newspapers, Kellys compass. à ¼ Monitor special interest material Ø Business source elite, newspaper, Kellys, compass. à ¼ Monitor special interest material. Ø E.g. marketing week (BSE), campaign (BSE), marketing (BSE). à ¼ Use a professional researcher EMarketing Mix The eMarketing mix is essentially the same as the marketing mix. it is simply the adaption of price, place product, and promotion to the eMarketing context. Of course one could also include physical evidence, people, and process when marketing planning for an online service. Below are a series of lessons that consider how markets can apply the eMarketing mix to their organizations own product, service, brand, or solution. E marketing price The eMarketing mix is simply an adaptation of the traditional marketing mix and ‘P for price. However, the internet has influenced how online businesses price in a number of ways. E Marketing Place {Place tactics as part of the eMarketing mix.) The e marketing space consists of new internet companies that have emerged as the internet has developed, as well as those pre-existing companies that new employ eMarketing approaches as part of their overall marketing plan. For some companies the internet is an additional channel that enhances or replaces their traditional channel of place. Pre Existing companies that have adopted eMarketing These are traditional companies that trade on the internet, Banking and financial services e.g. HSBC bank. Banks and financial services have benefited tremendously from the popularity of internet usage. There is a mixture of new online banks and traditional banks, both offering online banking services. Essentially banks no longer need to invest in high cost, high street selling unit i.e. old fashioned town-based banks. Labor costs have also been reduced since much of the traditional banking bureaucracy is done using it and the use of overseas call centers has meant that salaries are much lower. Software also means that customers can be retained by using Customer Relationship Management (CRM) eMarketing approaches. E marketing product Considered product as part of the marketing mix. Two previous tools for product decision-making have been introduced- Product Life Cycle (PLC) and the three levels of a product. Both of these tools and equally applicable to the context of e marketing and can be easily applied to include e marketing and product. For example a product marketed solely online will go through a life cycle in the same unpredictable way as a product marketed through any traditional channel (PLC). Products marketed online will have a core benefit tot eh customer, be an actual tangible product, with augmentation that ads value such as insurance, warranties and so on three levels of a product). Although tools actually specify the term ‘product, they can be easily adapted to include brands. Services or solutions. E marketing product/business matrix (depicted below should be used in conjunction with Product Life Cycle (PLC) and the three levels of a product. It represents additional tools for audit that bridges existing businesses and new online start-us, and existing products and new products. It allows marketers to categories those marketing on the internet as an online extender, an online alternative, an online innovator (existing business), and Oran online innovator (online start-up). Let us look at it in more detail; A- Online extender An on line extender is an existing business that has a strategy whereby it extends its marketing activities to the internet. It could be any traditional, terrestrial organization that has historically grown through using traditional channels of distribution to get existing products, brands, services, or solutions to market. B- Online alternatives The online alternative is a new start-up that uses the internet as an original channel of distribution to get products, brands, services or solutions, currently available elsewhere, to, arekt. Some segments may be better targeted with this online alternative for example remote or fragmented markets. C and d- Online innovators Online innovators come in two forms; C- Online innovators are existing businesses that see a benefit to launching new and innovative products, brands, services or solutions online by leveraging new technology. Existing businesses have a wealth of knowledges and learning that underpin their moves onto the web. Remember, the internet is not a business paradigm shift (at last not yet) and so current business approaches are often adapted for the internet. Existing businesses have experience. D- Online innovators are start-ups that seize the opportunities to launch new and innovative products, brands, services, or solutions online. Deposit not having as much knowledge and learning as some of their competitors, they are flexible and can move much more quickly. Start-ups often experience. We have already considered product as part of the marketing mix. Two previous tools for product decision- making have been introduced product life cycle and the three level of a product. E marketing promotion Ø It looks at ways of increasing the popularity of your website by looking at the internal optimization of the website itself. It considers many important ways of building your traffic, including Search Engine Optimization (SEO) approaches. Ø It looks at ways of increasing the popularity of your website by looking at external sources of internet advertising. Ø Lesson internet marketing and promotion: internet advertising. Ø This lesson looks at ways of increasing the popularity of your website by looking at external sources of internet advertising. Ø Pay per click advertising Ø Google ad words. Google ad words are a Cost per Click (CPC) online advertising program. Identically that means that you decide upon key word that relates closely to your product or service. Using Googles tools, you price how much it would cost your per click for your chosen keyword- this could be lucent, $1.50 or more, depending on the popularity of the keyword. So the keyword marketing would be more expensive than the keyword marketing cheese china because of its level of popularity. You then allocate a budget, and pay Google by credit card. You can control the length of your campaign, or end it as soon as the money in PPC management (Pay per Click Management) or recruit a verified Google awards professional. Adverts appear alongside Google search results- so go to Google and search for marketing. The ads appearing alongside the main search results are cps. Ads also appear on selected content websites-such as www.chichesteuk.com-look at the adverts along the top, and down the right hand column- this is where ads based upon the keyword chic ester would appear. You only pay for adverts that get clicked- not for page views- so you pay nothing if your advert is simply viewed. There is also an opportunity for ‘Smart pricing whereby you pay more for the advert if a sale is guaranteed e.g. you have a website based upon fishing- you write a review of a new type of fishing rod, the visitor then sees an ad for the same rod in an ad words text ad running on the same page then clicks on it and buys from the advertiser. Adwords is a very targeted and controllable way of online advertising hence the huge rises in income and profit for Google over recent times. EMarketing Price (Pricing tactics as part of the eMarketing mix.) The eMarketing mix is simply an adaption of the traditional marketing mix and ‘P for price. However the internet has influenced how online businesses price in a number of ways. International pricing and competition give consumers access to the lowest price for any generic good. For example, British consumers benefit when buying products from the United States since there is almost two dollar to the pound. Conversely this makes British goods more expensive to the American consumer. So it is cheap to buy spectacles from a us website and then to import them into the UK (even including transport costs and import taxes) Online auctions are a popular and innovative way of pricing, for example ebay. Here you register with the online auction company as a seller and/or a buyer. You can place an item into auction where buyers bid against each other. The highest bidder wins. The auction websites takes a commission. The commission is factored into the price you pay. Greater access to pricing information, more quickly and in a format that makes pricing comparable and transparent. There are a number of sites that will compare and contrast prices for the same or similar goods and services e.g. prices on car insurance. Pricing could also include the cost of an online advertising medium such as Google ad words. Here an online supplier would buy a keyword located in a text or image based advert onto Googles own search engine or onto a website belonging to a Google publisher. For example you search term hair straightness on Google and you are directed to a site about hair dressing. On this site is plenty of information about hair straightening, placed next to some contextual adverts. You click on the advert and you are taken to a site selling hair dressing supplies. You buy the hair straightness and your supplier pay a small ‘Pay-Per-Click fee which is split between Google and their publisher. This is factored into the price you pay. Traditional pricing tactics used in eMarketing Of course the internet marketers still has a whole selection of the more traditional pricing approaches to choose from that can be adapted to eMarketing scenarios: Premium pricing e.g. selling music via iTunes. à ¼ Penetration pricing e.g. giving away free subscription to land grab market share for new start ups such as youtube.com and myspace.com. à ¼ Economy pricing e.g. selling basic products and services online likes basic design or paperclips. à ¼ Price skimming e.g. new product launches online such as albums or games. à ¼ Psychological pricing e.g. products and services sold at 99p or $99.99 (price point perspective). à ¼ Product line pricing e.g. subscription 1 @ free, subscription 2 @ $10.00(with added value) and subscription 3 @ $49.99 for 10 year. à ¼ Pricing variations e.g. budget airlines selling tickets online where the first tickets bought are the cheapest, and the last ones bought tend to be more expensive. à ¼ Optional product pricing e.g. selling a holiday online with travel insurance. à ¼ Captive product pricing e.g. once you buy virus software from one brand, your updates must also come from them. à ¼ Product bundle pricing e.g. buying internet access which comes with free online phone calls. à ¼ Promotional pricing e.g. betting incentives, such as free dollars to gambles online for current customers that gamble on football games to tempt them to play online pocker, or vouchers with codes sent by email as rewards e.g. Amazon.com. à ¼ Geographical Pricing e.g. Microsoft pricing in different currencies in different international markets. Search marketing {Overture and yahoo} Overture is the yahoo equivalent of Googles ad words. Now known as yahoo Search marketing, overture has a series of sub-products that make up its internet marketing program. Here some examples: 1) Sponsored search: Displays your advert at the top of the search engine results. So your potential customers search for a ‘keyword and your advert appears at the top of the results page. Again, as this ad words, the advertisers bid against each other to obtain the position that will generate the most convertible traffic to their site. Popular keywords will cost more-obviously. 2) Local advertising: Gets your business listed in yahoos business directory. So if you wish to promote products in specific regions next to specific search keywords, this is a much targeted geographical services. Overture h